Abstract
Large area uniform nanoplates of molybdenum oxide (MoO3), a typical semiconductor material, have been synthesized under soft conditions by using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as template. Under ambient condition, hydrolysis of ammonium molybdate into layered molybdenum oxide, and its subsequent inclusion of CMC polymers results in formation of lamellar CMC/molybdenum oxide hybrid. Calcinations of this lamellar hybrid at 500 °C lead to formation of large area uniform nanoplates of orthorhombic phase of MoO3. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images show that these MoO3 nanoplates are regularly packed, about 100 nm in thickness and 10–100 μm in length. The mechanism of the hybrid reaction and the templating ability of CMC polymers have been extensively discussed. The oriented growth of short molybdenum oxide flakes into long-range ordered plates has been induced by CMC polymers because of the shrinking of CMC during the hybrid reaction. This is the first report that large area highly ordered molybdenum oxide nanometer materials have been obtained under soft reaction conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Wang, Y. Ji, L. Zhang, Y. Zhu, P.I. Gouma, D. Michael: Synthesis of molybdenum oxide nanoplates during crystallization of the precursor gel from its hybrid nanocomposites. Chem. Mater. 19, 979 2007
Y. Jae-Hun, H. Yang-Su, P. Man, P. Taeun, H. Seong-Ju, C. Jin-Ho: New inorganic-based drug delivery system of indole-3-acetic acid-layered metal hydroxide nanohybrids with controlled release rate. Chem. Mater. 19, 2679 2007
C. Vaysse, L. Guerlou-Demourgues, C. Delmas, E. Duguet: Tentative mechanisms for acrylate intercalation and in situ polymerization in nickel-based layered double hydroxides. Macromolecules 37, 45 2004
K. Everson, M.H. Jeanne: Thermal degradation of acetate-intercalated hydroxy double and layered hydroxy salts. Inorg. Chem. 45, 3766 2006
A.V. Richard, D.J. Klaus, J.K. Edwaud, P.G. Emmanuel: Microstructural evolution of melt intercalated polymer-organically modified layered silicates nanocomposites. Chem. Mater. 8, 2628 1996
X. Zheng, B.M. David: [CH3(CH2)11NH3]SnI3: A hybrid semiconductor with MoO3-type Tin(II) Iodide layers. Inorg. Chem. 42, 6589 2003
S. Zhiqi, C. Yi-Bing, P.S. George: Sequential and simultaneous melt intercalation of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate) into layered silicates. Macromolecules 38, 1744 2005
K. Ryozo, K. Kazuyuki: Unidirectional orientation of methylene blue intercalated in K4Nb6O17 single crystal. J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 4043 2003
B. Anima, H. Pingang, L. Charles, D.E. Brett, J.T. Robert, D.H. Songping: Strong electron-acceptor methylviologen dications confined in a 2D inorganic host: Synthesis, structural characterization, charge transport and electrochemical properties of (MV)0.25V2O5. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 4 2001
X. An-Wu: Novel surfactants for the synthesis of unusual highly ordered lamellar oxides. J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 11713 2002
I.S. Mohammed, A.T. Helen, G. Lela, G. Gunnar, K. Ute, T. Wolfgang: From layered molybdic acid to lower-dimensional nanostructures by intercalation of amines under ambient conditions. Chem. Mater. 18, 2144 2006
F. Liang, S. Yuying, W. Aiqin, Z. Tao: Green synthesis and characterization of anisotropic uniform single-crystal α-MoO3 nanostructures. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 2401 2007
S. Rui-Qi, X. Au-Wu, D. Bin, F. Yue-Ping: Novel multilamellar mesostructured molybdenum oxide nanofibers and nanobelts: Synthesis and characterization. J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 22758 2005
S. Barbara, R.P. Pilar, C. Guillaume, H. Marwan, H. Narcis: Study of the structure, acidic, and catalytic properties of binary mixed-oxide MoO3–ZrO2 systems. Chem. Mater. 18, 1581 2006
L.F. Nazar, Z. Zhang, D. Zinkweg: Insertion of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) in layered MoO3. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 6239 1992
T.A. Kerr, H. Wu, L.F. Nazar: Concurrent polymerization and insertion of aniline in molybdenum trioxide: Formation and properties of a [Poly(aniline)]0.24MoO3 nanocomposite. Chem. Mater. 8, 2005 1996
G.R. Pedro, S. Clement: Functional Hybrid Materials Wiley-VCH 2005
M.M. Todd, K.J. Stevenson: Spatially resolved imaging of inhomogeneous charge transfer behavior in polymorphous molybdenum oxide. I. Correlation of localized structural, electronic, and chemical properties using conductive probe atomic force microscopy and Raman microprobe spectroscopy. Langmuir 21, 3521 2005
B.C. Satishkumar, A. Govindaraj, M. Nath, C.N.R. Rao: Synthesis of metal oxide nanorods using carbon nanotubes as templates. J. Mater. Chem. 10, 2115 2000
K. Shao, Y. Ma, Z.H. Chen, X.T. Zhang, T. He, J.N. Yao: Synthesis and photochromic property of ethylenedi-ammonium polymolybdate NH3CH2CH2NH3Mo3O1034.4H2O. Acta Chim. Sinica. 59, 1335 2001
K. Shao, Y. Ma, Y.A. Cao, Z.H. Chen, X.H. Ji, J.N. Yao: Inclusion of poly(tetramethyl-p-phenyl- enediamine dihydrochloride) into MoO3: A cooperative formation route to construct a polymer/MoO3 layered structure. Chem. Mater. 13, 250 2001
H.H. Ke, K. Shao, T. He, G.J. Zhang, W.S. Yang, J.N. Yao: A new layered hybrid material by hydrothermal assembly of 12-molybdophosphoric acid and 1,10-diaminodecane. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 21, 1257 2002
K.M. Mackay, R.A. Mackay: Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry 6th ed. CRC 2002 247
L.N. Zhang: Modified Materials from Natural Polymers and Their Applications, 2006 148
Z. Changde, M.P. Loren, H.D. William: Synthesis and characterization of a trifunctional aminoamide cellulose derivative. Biomacromolecules 7, 139 2006
S. Satyabrata, K. Atanu, K.M. Tarun, G. Saurav, N. Hiroyuk, K. Takao: Size-controlled synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles in the presence of polyelectrolytes. Chem. Mater. 16, 3489 2004
B. Rolando, M. Agnese, C. Marco: Swelling behavior of carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels in relation to cross-linking, pH, and charge density. Macromolecules 33, 7475 2000
K.J. Edgar, C.M. Buchanan, J.S. Debenham, P.A. Rundquist, B.D. Seiler, M.C. Shelton, D. Tindall: Advances in cellulose ester performance and application. Prog. Plym. Sci. 26, 1605 2001
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shao, K., Luo, H.m. & Cao, H.q. Inducing growth of highly ordered molybdenum oxide nanoplates under ambient conditions. Journal of Materials Research 23, 2602–2608 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2008.0344
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2008.0344