Abstract
The dissolution in de-ionized water (DIW) at 90 and 150 °C of Cs and Ba from mechanically polished Cs-doped Ba hollandite samples is essentially congruent. The normalized Ba and Cs release rates were <0.001 g/m2/day after 56 days in DIW at 90 °C, and the Ba normalized release rate of a Cs-free sample was 0.01 g/m2/day after 56 days in DIW at 150 °C. Varying the pH between approximately 2.5 and 12.9 affected only the Ba dissolution rates of hollandite by half an order of magnitude. The dissolution rates of all species decrease with increasing leaching time due to the formation of partly impervious surface coatings of Al- and Ti-rich species. These surface coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and in some cases by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A.E. Ringwood, S.E. Kesson, K.D. Reeve, D.M. Levins, and E.J. Ramm, in Radioactive Waste Forms for the Future, edited by W. Lutze and R.C. Ewing (North-Holland, New York, 1988), p. 233.
S.E. Kesson and T.J. White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A. 408, 73 (1986).
R.W. Cheary and J. Kwiatkowska, J. Nucl. Mater. 125, 236 (1984).
R.W. Cheary, Acta Cryst. B. 43, 28 (1987).
S.E. Kesson, Radioact. Waste Manage. Nucl. Fuel Cycle. 2, 53 (1983).
M.L. Carter and E.R. Vance, in Proceedings of PacRim2, edited by P. Walls, C. Sorrell, and A. Ruys (Sym16, Australian Ceramic Society, Sydney, 1998) [CD-ROM].
D.K. Pham, S. Myhra, and P.S. Turner, J. Mater. Res. 9, 3174 (1994).
MCC-1P Static Leach Test Method (Rev. 1), DOE TIC 11400 (Materials Characterization Center, Battelle Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA, 1983).
K.G. Knauss and T.J. Wolery, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 50, 2481 (1986).
P.J. Goodhew, Practical Methods in Electron Microscopy, edited by A.M. Glauert (North-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1973).
J.S. Hartmann, E.R. Vance, W.P. Power, and J.V. Hanna, J. Mater. Res. 13, 22 (1998).
M. Carter, E. Vance, D. Attard, and D. Mitchell, American Ceramic Society Meeting, May 2002.
K.L Smith, G.L. Lumpkin, M.G. Blackford, R.A. Day, and K.P Hart, J. Nucl. Mater. 190, 287 (1992).
K.P Hart, E. R. Vance, R.A. Day, B.D. Begg, P.J. Angel, and A. Jostsons, in Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XIX, edited by W.M. Murphy and D.A. Knecht (Mater. Res. Sec. Synp. Proc. 412, Pittsburgh, PA 1996), p 41.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Carter, M.L., Vance, E.R., Mitchell, D.R.G. et al. Fabrication, characterization, and leach testing of hollandite, (Ba,Cs)(Al,Ti)2Ti6O16. Journal of Materials Research 17, 2578–2589 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2002.0374
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2002.0374