Abstract
We report the first observation of large graphitic capped clusters with threefold symmetry (tripods). They were generated under the diamond growth conditions by the chemical vapor deposition process activated by hot filaments on a Cu(111) surface while conditions of very poor diamond nucleation (104–105 cm-2) are fullfilled. They were characterized by direct high resolution imaging and selected area diffraction. Furthermore, a lot of them are connected. The behavior of hydrogen radicals to curl and to close limited-size graphitic planes is emphasized to explain their formation. These tripods appear to be readily stable carbon as they form only after other limited-size graphitic clusters such as graphite lumps or bucky onions. It is thus expected that the chemical vapor deposition process is a quite relevant preparation method to grow in a controlled way new forms of carbon with a narrow size distribution.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
(a) W. Yarbrough and R. Messier, Science 247, 688 (1990); (b) J.C. Angus and C. C. Hayman, Science 241, 913 (1988); (c) K.E. Spear, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 72, 171 (1989).
L. Constant, C. Speisser, and F. Le Normand, Surf. Sci. 387 28 (1997).
L. Constant, M. Romeo, C. Speisser, and F. Le Normand, Philos. Mag A (1999, in press).
F. Banhart and P.M. Ajayan, Nature 382, 433 (1996).
(a) P. Wesolowski, Y. Lyutovich, F. Banhart, H.D. Carstanjen, and H. Kronmüller, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1948 (1997); (b) M. Zaiser and F. Banhart, Phys. Rev. Lett., 79, 3680 (1997).
M.S. Zwanger, F. Banhart, and A. Seeger, J. Cryst. Growth 163, 445 (1996).
(a) G. E. Scuseria, Chem. Phys. Lett., 195, 534 (1992); (b) D. Vanderbilt and J. Tersoff, Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, 511 (1992); (c) T. Lenosky, X. Gonze, M. Teter, and V. Elser, Nature 355, 333 (1992); (d) S. Ihara, S. Itoh, K. Akagi, R. Tamura, and M. Tsukada, Phys. Rev. B 54, 14713 (1996).
S. Iijima, P. M. Ajayan, and T. Ichihashi, Phys. Rev. Lett., 69, 3100 (1992).
E. Osawa, M. Yoshida, and M. Fujita, Mater. Res. Bull. 19, 11, 33 (1994).
Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, M. Inagaki, M. Tomita, and T. Hayashi, Chem. Phys. Lett., 204, 277 (1993).
A. Krishnan, E. Dujardin, M. M. J. Treacy, J. Hugdahl, S. Lynum, and T.W. Ebbesen, Nature 388, 451 (1997).
D. Ugarte, Nature (London) 359, 707 (1992).
T. Cabioc’h, J.P. Rivière, and J. Delafond, J. Mater. Sci. 30, 4787 (1995).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Normand, F., Constant, L., Ehret, G. et al. Generation of carbon tripods on copper by chemical vapor deposition. Journal of Materials Research 14, 560–564 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1999.0080
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1999.0080