Abstract
Layered nanostructures of copper metal and cuprous oxide are electrodeposited from alkaline solutions of Cu(II) lactate at room temperature. No subsequent heat treatment is necessary to effect crystallization. The electrode potential spontaneously oscillates during constant-current deposition. At a fixed current density the oscillation period decreases as either the pH or temperature is increased. The oscillations are periodic in stirred solution, but show period doubling and evidence of quasi-periodic or chaotic behavior in unstirred solution. The phase composition and resistivity of the films can be controlled by varying the applied current density. The resistivity of the films can be varied over ten orders of magnitude. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the films are layered.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. A. Switzer, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 66, 1521 (1987).
R. T. Coyle and J. A. Switzer, “Electrochemical Synthesis of Ceramic Films and Powders,” U. S. Patent No. 4,882,014, issued November, 1989.
J. A. Switzer, J. Electrochem. Soc. 133, 722 (1986).
R. J. Phillips, M. J. Shane, and J. A. Switzer, J. Mater. Res. 4, 923 (1989).
R. J. Phillips, T. D. Golden, M. G. Shumsky, and J. A. Switzer, J. Electrochem. Soc. 141, 2391 (1994).
B. E. Breyfogle, R. J. Phillips, and J. A. Switzer, Chem. Mater. 4, 1356 (1992).
B. E. Breyfogle, M. G. Shumsky, C-J. Hung, and J. A. Switzer, J. Electrochem. Soc. 143, 2741 (1996).
T. D. Golden, M. G. Shumsky, Y. Zhou, R. A. VanderWerf, R. A. Van Leeuwen, and J. A. Switzer, Chem. Mater. 8, 2499 (1996).
J. A. Switzer, M. J. Shane, and R. J. Phillips, Science 247, 444 (1990).
J. A. Switzer and T. D. Golden, Adv. Mater. 5, 474 (1993).
J. A. Switzer, R. P. Raffaelle, R. J. Phillips, C-J. Hung, and T. D. Golden, Science 258, 1918 (1992).
T. D. Golden, R. P. Raffaelle, and J. A. Switzer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 1501 (1993).
J. A. Switzer, R. J. Phillips, and T. D. Golden, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 819 (1995).
J. A. Switzer, C-J. Hung, B. E. Breyfogle, M. G. Shumsky, R. Van Leeuwen, and T. D. Golden, Science 264, 1573 (1994).
R. J. Phillips, T. D. Golden, M. G. Shumsky, E. W. Bohannan, and J. A. Switzer, Chem. Mater. 9, 1670 (1997).
Y. Matsumoto, M. Fujisue, and J. Hombo, J. Electroanal. Chem. 314, 323 (1991).
Y. Zhou, R. J. Phillips, and J. A. Switzer, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 78, 981 (1995).
J. A. Switzer and R. J. Phillips, in Better Ceramics Through Chemistry III, edited by C. J. Brinker, D. E. Clark, and D. R. Ulrich (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 121, Pittsburgh, PA, 1988), p. 111.
P. J. Mitchell and G. D. Wilcox, Nature (London) 357, 395 (1992).
J. Redepenning and J. P. McIsaac, Chem. Mater. 2, 625 (1990).
Y. Matsumoto, H. Adachi, and J. Hombo, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 76, 769 (1993).
J. A. Switzer, C-J. Hung, E. W. Bohannan, M. G. Shumsky, T. D. Golden, and D. C. Van Aken, Adv. Mater. 9, 334 (1997).
V. T. Agekyan, Phys. Status Solidi A 43, 11 (1977).
L. O. Grondahl, Science 64, 306 (1926).
C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 6th ed. (Wiley, New York, 1986), Chap. 11.
J. L. Lin and J. P. Wolfe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1222 (1993).
A. Mysyrowicz, E. Benson, and E. Fortin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 896 (1996).
D. Snoke, Science 273, 1351 (1996).
R. A. Young, in The Rietveld Method edited by R. A. Young (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995), Chap. 1.
D. A. Buttry and M. D. Ward, Chem. Rev. 92, 1355 (1992).
N. Ikemiya, T. Kubo, and S. Hara, Surf. Sci. 323, 81 (1995).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Switzer, J.A., Hung, CJ., Huang, LY. et al. Potential oscillations during the electrochemical self-assembly of copper/cuprous oxide layered nanostructures. Journal of Materials Research 13, 909–916 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1998.0124
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1998.0124