Abstract
A fast-firing technique for the sintering of lead magnesium niobate relaxor ceramics at relatively low temperature has been described. In this process, the samples containing excess PbO (up to 5 wt. %) are directly introduced into a furnace maintained at a temperature of 950 °C and kept there for 15–80 min, followed by a postsintering annealing treatment at 800 °C for 10 h. The importance of fast heating as well as annealing treatment has been justified. The sintered samples are near-phase-pure perovskite materials showing high bulk densities (>94%), uniform and dense microstructure, and satisfactory dielectric properties (Kmax > 13,000). The technique is simple and economic, does not require any controlled atmosphere, and minimizes hazards from lead volatilization.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. L. Swartz, T.R. Shrout, W.A. Schulze, and L.E. Cross, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 67 (5), 311 (1984).
G. A. Smolensky and A. I. Agranovskaya, Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 3 (7), 1380 (1958).
M. Lejeune and J. P. Boilot, Ceram. Int. 8 (3), 99 (1982).
T. R. Shrout and S. L. Swartz, Mater. Res. Bull. XVIII, 663 (1983).
S. L. Swartz and T. R. Shrout, Mater. Res. Bull. XVII, 1245 (1982).
H. S. Horowitz, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 71, C230 (1988).
D. Saha, A. Sen, and H. S. Maiti, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 13, 723 (1994).
P. Ravindranathan, S. Komarnerd, A. S. Bhalla, and R. Roy, Ferroelectrics Lett. 11, 137 (1990).
S. L. Swartz, T.R. Shrout, W.A. Schulze, and L. E. Cross, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 67 (5), 311 (1985).
H. C. Wang and W. A. Schulze, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73 (4), 825 (1990).
S. M. Landin and W. A. Schulze, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73 (4), 913 (1990).
M. Lejeune and J. P. Boilot, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 65 (4), 679 (1986).
J. P. Guha, D. J. Hong, and H. U. Anderson, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 71 (3), C152 (1988).
M. F. Yan, H. C. Ling, and W. W. Rhodes, J. Mater. Res. 4, 930 (1989).
H. C. Ling, A. M. Jackson, M. F. Yan, and W. W. Rhodes, J. Mater. Res. 5, 629 (1990).
D. H. Kang and K. H. Yoon, Ferroelectrics 87, 255 (1988).
M. H. Megherli, M. S. Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University (1988).
B. Shrikant and E. C. Subba Rao, J. Mater. Res. 6, 1308 (1991).
T. R. Shrout, W. Huebner, C. A. Randall, and A. D. Hilton, Ferroelectrics 93, 361 (1989).
D. W. Richarson, Modern Ceramic Engineering (Dekker, New York, 1992), p. 532.
I. J. McColm and N. J. Clarlm, Forming, Shaping and Working of High Performance Ceramics (Blackie, Glasgow, 1988), p. 243.
N. DeMathan, E. Husson, P. Gaucher, and A. Morell, Mater. Res. Bull. XXV, 427 (1990).
C. A. Randall, A. D. Hilton, D. J. Barber and T. R. Shrout, J. Mater. Res. 8, 880 (1993).
L. E. Cross, Ferroelectrics 76, 241 (1987).
N. W. Thomas, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 51 (12), 1419 (1990).
A. D. Hilton, D. J. Barber, C. A. Randall, and T. R. Shrout, J. Mater. Sci. 25, 3461 (1990).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Saha, D., Sen, A. & Maiti, H.S. Fast firing of lead magnesium niobate at low temperature. Journal of Materials Research 11, 932–938 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1996.0117
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1996.0117