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Microstructure and superconducting properties of attrition-milled Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox

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Abstract

The microstructure and superconducting properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi-2212) during high-energy attrition milling were investigated in detail by a combination of x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetization techniques. The starting superconducting powder was milled in a standard laboratory attritor using yttria-stabilized ZrO2 balls and a stainless steel tank. After selected time increments, the milling was interrupted and a small quantity of milled powder was removed for further analysis. It was found that the deformation process rapidly refines Bi-2212 into nanometer-size crystallites, increases atomic-level strains, and changes the plate-like morphology of Bi-2212 to granular submicron clusters. At short milling times, the deformation seems localized at weakly linked Bi-O double layers, leading to twist/cleavage fractures along the {001} planes. The Bi-2212 phase decomposes into several bismuth-based oxides and an amorphous phase after excessive deformation. The superconducting transition is depressed by about 10 K in the early stages of milling and completely vanishes upon prolonged deformation. A deformation mechanism is proposed and correlated with the evolution of superconducting properties. The practical implications of these results are presented and discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA

    J. S. Luo

  2. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60680, USA

    H. G. Lee & S. N. Sinha

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  1. J. S. Luo
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  2. H. G. Lee
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  3. S. N. Sinha
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Luo, J.S., Lee, H.G. & Sinha, S.N. Microstructure and superconducting properties of attrition-milled Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox. Journal of Materials Research 9, 297–304 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1994.0297

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1994.0297

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