Abstract
Sorghum can be an alternative to corn for industrial uses, especially in drought prone areas of the world. Sorghum cultivars with high potential of grain and starch yields are needed to continuously meet the industrial demands. We have studied the genetics of grain yield and starch content of sorghum to decide the breeding procedure to develop suitable cultivars for starch industry. The genetic material from 8 × 8 diallel (28 F1 and 8 parents) was grown in a randomized complete block design, with three replications at Directorate of Sorghum Research, Hyderabad, India. Observations were recorded on seven agro-morphological and two grain quality traits including grain yield and starch content. Correlation studies revealed that the grain hardness was negatively correlated to starch and positively correlated to grain yield, panicle weight and days to flowering. Variance due to specific combining ability effects was greater in magnitude for both starch content and grain yield. Bi-parental crossing in F2 will help in getting pure lines with high starch content and high grain yield. The parents chosen for breeding program need to be good combiners for starch and grain yields to obtain superior hybrid. One MS line, 422B was a good combiner for grain yield, high starch content and 100 grain weight, and had good per se performance.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Aruna, C., Audilakshmi, S. 2004. Genetic architecture of grain hardness — a durable resistance mechanism for grain moulds in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Indian J. Genetics and Plant Breeding 64:35–38.
Beta, T., Corke, H. 2001. Genetic and environmental variation in sorghum starch properties. Journal of Cereal Science 34:261–268.
Boudries, N., Belhaneche, N., Nadjemi, B., Deroanne, C., Mathiouthi, M., Roger, B., Sindic, M. 2009. Physicochemical and functional properties of starches from sorghum cultivated in the Sahara of Algeria. Carbohydrate Polymers 78:475–480
Buffo, R.A., Weller, C.L., Parkhurst, A.M. 1998. Relationships among grain sorghum quality factors. Cereal Chem. 75:100–104.
Burrell, M.M. 2003. Starch: The need for improved quality or quantity — an overview. J. Exp. Bot. 54:451–456.
Dadheech, A., Joshi, V.N., 2007a. Heterosis and combining ability for quality and yield in early maturing single cross hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.). The Indian J. of Agricultural Sciences 41:210–214.
Dadheech, A., Joshi, V.N. 2007b. Stability analysis for quality traits in maize (Zea mays L.). Agricultural Science Digest 27:26–29.
Dayakar, R.B., Binu, M., Bharath Kumar, K.A., Karthikeyan, K., Hyma Jyothi, S., ParwazShahid, Ratnavathi, C.V., Seetharama, N. 2003. Industrial utilization of sorghum in India — Status and prospects. NATP (NRCS) Series No. 2. Rajendranagar 500030, Andhra Pradesh, India: National Research Centre for Sorghum. 20 pp.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A., Smith, F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chem. 28:350–356.
Freeman, J.E., Watson, S.A. 1971. Influence of sorghum endosperm pigments on starch quality. Cereal Science Today 16:378–381.
Griffing, B. 1956. Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Austr. J. Biological Sciences 9:463–493.
Groos, C., Bervas, E., Charmet, G. 2004. Genetic analysis of grain protein content, grain hardness and dough rheology in a hard bread wheat progeny. J. Cereal Sci. 40:93–100.
Henry, R.J., Cowe, I. A. 1990. Factors influencing the hardness (milling energy) and malting quality of barley. J. of Institute of Brewing 96:135–136.
Ibrahim, O.E., Nyquist, W.E., Axtell, J.D. 1985. Quantitative inheritance and correlations of agronomic and grain quality traits of sorghum. Crop Sci. 25:649–654.
Joshi, V.N., Pandiya, N.K., Dubey, R.B. 1998. Heterosis and combining ability for quality and yield in early maturing single cross hybrids of maize. Indian J. of Genetics and Plant Breeding 58:519–524.
Li, J., Baroja-Fernández, E., Bahaji, A., Muñoz, F.J., Ovecka, M., Montero, M., Sesma, M.T., Alonso-Casajús, N., Almagro, G., Sánchez-López, A.M., Hidalgo, M., Zamarbide, M., Pozueta-Romero, J. 2013. Enhancing sucrose synthase activity results in increased levels of starch and ADP-glucose in maize (Zea mays L.) seed endosperms. Plant and Cell Physiol. 54:282–294.
Park, S.H., Bean, S.R., Wilson, J.D., Schober, T.J. 2006. Rapid isolation of sorghum and other cereal starches using sonication. Cereal Chem. 83:611–616.
Pedersen, J.F., Graybosch, R.A., Funnell, D.L. 2007. Occurrence of the waxy alleles wxa and wxb in waxy sorghum plant introductions and their effect on starch thermal properties. Crop Sci. 47:1927–1933.
Pedersen, J.F., Kofoid, K.D. 2004. Variability and relationships among 12-hour IVDMD, starch, oil, protein, and physical characteristics of 16 sorghum conversion lines. Euphytica 130:261–266.
Pomeranz, Y., Czuchajowska, Z., Martin, C.R., Lai, F.S. 1985. Determination of corn hardness tester. Cereal Chem. 62:108–112.
Salmanowicz, B.P., Adamsk, T., Surma, M., Kaczmarek, Z., Karolina, K., Kuczymska, A., Banaszak, Z., Lugowska, B., Majcher, M., Obuchowski, W. 2012. The relationship between grain hardness, dough mixing parameters and bread-making quality in winter wheat. Int. J. Mol. Sciences 13:4186–4201.
Singh, D. 1973. Diallel analysis over different environments — I. Indian J. Genetics and Plant Breeding 33:127–136.
Singh, N., Rajendran, R.A., Shekhar, M., Jat, S.L., SaiKumar, R. 2012. Rabi maize opportunities challenges. Directorate of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi — 110 012, India. Technical Bullet, in No. 9. 32 pp.
Southgate, D.A.T. 1976. On Determination of Food and Carbohydrates. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., London, UK, pp. 52–55.
Subramanian, V., Jambunathan, R. 1981. Properties of sorghum grain and their relationship to roti quality. In: Rooney, L.W., Murphy, D.S. (eds), Proc. Int. Symp. on Sorghum Grain QUALITY. Int. Crops Res. Inst. Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). Patancheru, India. pp. 280–288.
Tonapi, A.V., Patil, J.V., Dayakar Rao, B., Elangovan, M., Venkatesh Bhat, B., Raghavendra Rao, K.V. 2011. Sorghum: Vision 2030. Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030 (AP), India: Directorate of Sorghum Research. 38 pp.
Zdunic, Z., Mijic, A., Dugalic, K., Simic, D., Brkic, J., Jeromela, A.M. 2008. Genetic analysis of grain yield and starch content in maize populations. Turkish J. of Agriculture and Forestry 32:495–500.
Zhan, X., Wang, D., Tuinstra, M.R., Bean, S., Seib, P.A., Sun, X.S. 2003a. Ethanol and lactic acid production as affected by sorghum genotype and location. Industrial Crops and Products 18:245–255.
Zhan, X., Wang, D., Sun, X.S., Kim, S., Fung, D.Y.C. 2003b. Lactic acid production using extrusion-cooked grain sorghum. Am. Soc. Agric. Engineers 46:589–593.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by R.N. Chibbar
Electronic supplementary material
Rights and permissions
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Swarnalatha, M., Audilakshmi, S., Ratnavathi, C.V. et al. Genetics of Starch Content and its Correlations with Agro-morphological Traits in Sorghum. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 43, 336–343 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1556/CRC.2014.0046
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/CRC.2014.0046