Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Graphite/graphitic rocks as cause of the electric conductivity anomaly and their relationship to the tectonics — A review

  • Published:
Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

From the very beginning of the magnetotelluric (MT) studies two notions have been coupled to each other: the graphite as one of the causes of strong conductivity anomalies and tectonics. The graphitic formations of very low resistivity (< 10−1 Ωm) are accumulated in the shear zones, thrust sheets, detachment horizon etc. and by this way they indicate the tectonics/paleotectonics which may not be indicated by other geophysical method so definitely.

The author firstly surveys the manifestation of this phenomenon in case histories of the literature, then illustrates it by own very detailed study carried out on the Transdanubian crustal conductivity anomaly (TCA).

The material of the conductor and their possible relation to the seismicity of the area will also be demonstrated by the TCA anomaly.

In the closing chapters the origin of the graphite and its accumulation in the shear zones is discussed including the role of the (geothermal) water.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ádám A 1971: MTA X. Oszt. Köz. (in Hungarian), 4, 297–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ádám A 1992: In: Proceeding of the Jubilee Symposium of the 10 years Finnish-Soviet cowork in geoelectrics, P Kaikkonen ed., Oulu 1991, Department of Geophysics, University of Oulu, Report No. 18, 1–17.

  • Ádám A 2001: Earth Planets Space, 53, 903–918.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ádám A 2003: Magyar Geofizika (in Hungarian), 44, 48–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ádám A, R Tátrai M 2002: Magyar Geofizika (in Hungarian), 43, 103–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ádám A, Verő J 1964: Acta Technica, 47, 63–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ádám A, Kaikkonen P, Hjelt S E, Pajunpää K, Szarka L, Verő J, Wallner Á 1982: Tectonophysics, 90, 77–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ádám A, Duma G, Gutdeutsch R, Verő J, Wallner Á 1986: J. Geoph., 59, 103–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ádám A, Duma G, Horváth J 1990: Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 60, 155–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ádám A, Ernst T, Jankowski J, Jozwiak W, Hvozdara M, Szarka L, Wesztergom V, Logvinov I, Kulik S 1997: Acta Geod. Geoph. Hung., 32, 203–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arič K, Ádám A, Smythe D K 1997: First Break, 15, 265–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berdichevsky M N, Dmitriev V I 1976: Acta Geod. Geoph. Mont. Hung., 11, 447–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blundell D, Freeman R, Mueller St eds 1992: A Continent Revealed: The European Geotraverse. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown C 1994: Surveys in Geophysics, 15, 123–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cagniard L 1953: Geophysics, 18, 605–635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Čermák V, Hurtig E 1977: Preliminary Heat Flow Map of Europe, Prague

  • Duba A, Shankland T J 1982: Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 1271–1274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duba A, Huenges E, Nover G, Will G, Jd̈licke H 1988: Geophys. J., 94, 413–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisel M, Haak V 1999: Geophys. J. Int., 136, 109–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ELEKTB-Gruppe c/o A Rauen, Windischeschenbach 1994: DDG Mitteilung, 4, 2–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • ERCEUGT Group 1992: Tectonophysics, 207, 123–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekren E B, Frischknecht F C 1967: U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Rep., 527, pp. 36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernst T, Jankowski J, Semenov V Yu, Ádám A, Hvozdara M, Jozwiak W, Lefeld J, Pawliszyn J, Szarka L, Wesztergom V 1997: Acta Geoph. Polonica, 45, 33–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman I S, Ivankin P F 1994: In: Abstract book of the 12th workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth, Brest

  • Feldman I S, Okulessky B A, Ingerov A I, Solodilov L N, Egorkin A V, Kadurin I N, Konovalov Y F, Shempelov A G, Trofimenko E A 1994: In: Abstract book of the 12th workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth, Brest

  • Franke W, Giese P, Grosse S, Haak V, Kern H, Mengel K, Oucken O 1990: In: The European Geotraverse: Integrative Studies. R Freeman, P Giese, St Mueller eds, European Science Foundation, Strasbourg, 177–186.

  • Frost B R, Fyfe W S, Tazaki K, Chan T 1989a: Nature, 340, 134–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frost B R, Frost C, Touret J L R 1989b: In: Fluid Movements — Element Transport and Compilation of the Deep Crust. D Bridgewater ed., Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1–18

  • Gaucher E 1983: In: Developments in Geophysical Exploration Methods — 4. A A Fitch ed., Applied Science Publishers, London

  • Gee D G 1980: GFF, 102, 455–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glover P W 1996: In: Abstract book of the 13th Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth, Onuma

  • Grad M, Luosto U 1987: Ann. Geophys., 5B, 639–650.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greiling R 1984: Sci. Geol. Bull., 37, 13–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haak V, Stoll J, Winter J 1991: Phys. Earth. Planet Int., 66, 12–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison J E, Crossman E R, Kleinkopf M D 1985: Regional structure, the Atlantic Richfield-Marathon Oil No 1. Gibbs borehole, and hydrocarbon resource potential of the Rocky Mountain trench in northwestern Montana. U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rep. 85-249, 5 pp. 3 plates

  • Hjelt S E 1990: In: Report on the 10th Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth, Ensenada, Mexico

  • Hoffmann N, Horejschi L, Jödicke H 2004: In: 32nd International Geological Congress, Abstract Part 2

  • Horváth F, Ádám A, Stanley W D 1986: Rend. Soc. Geol. It., 9, 123–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkyns H G 1986: In: Studies on the Mesozoic and Tertiary Geodynamics on the Periadriatic Region. Eötvös University, Budapest

    Google Scholar 

  • Jödicke H 1991: Zonen hoher elektrischer Krustenleitfähigkeit in Rhenoherzynikum und seinem nördlichen Vorland. Hochschulschriften Bd. 24, Lit. Verlag, Münster, Hamburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Jödicke H 1992: Surveys in Geophysics, 13, 381–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones A 1992: In: Continental Lower Crust. D M Fountain, R J Arculus, R W Kay eds, Elsevier, 81–143.

  • Kázmér M, Kovács S 1985: Acta Geol. Hung., 28, 71–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Korja T 1990: Acta Univ. Ouluensis A, 215.

  • Korja T, Tuisku P, Pernu T 1994: In: Abstract book of the 12th workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth, Brest

  • Kontinen A 1987: Precambrian Res., 35, 313–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kucharič L, Mikuska J, Steiner A, Grecula P 1990: In: International Conference on Plaeozoic Orogens in Central Europe — Geology and Geophysics, Göttinten

  • Losito G, Schnegg P A, Lambelet C, Vitt C, Trova A 2001: Geoph. J. Int., 147, 602–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luque F J, Pasteris D, Wopenka B, Rodas M, Barrenechea J F 1998: Amer. J. Sci., 298, 471–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matkovski O E, Kuichetskaya A A 1990: Graphite in minerals of the Ukrainian Carpathians (in Russian). Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 45–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monteiro Santos F A, Mateus A, Almeida E P, Pous J, Mendes Victor A 2002: Earth and Planetary Science Letter, 201, 353–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nover G, Stoll J B, von der Gönna J 2005: Geophys. J. Int., 160, 1059–1067.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porstendorfer G 1997: Acta Geod. Geoph. Hung., 32, 135–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz G 1990: Surveys in Geophysics, 11, 133–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skrotzki W, Reutel C 1990: Contribution of crystallinity studies to unravel graphite formulation in the Oberpfalz. KTB Report 90-4, 324–332.

  • Smith J T, Booker J R 1991: J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3905–3922.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley W D 1986: Magnetotelluric study of a compressed flysch system in the Healy quadrangle. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 928, USGS Field Research during 1985, 78–81.

  • Stanley W D 1989: Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 53, 228–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley W D, Plesha 1985: Progress report on U.S. Geological Survey — Department of Energy Interagency Agreement DR. A121-83MC20422-Task No. 4: Electromagnetic geophysics applied to sediment subduction and deep source gas. U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rep., 85–252.

  • Stegena L, Géczy B, Horváth F 1974: Tectonophysics, 26, 71–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takács E 1968: Acta Geod. Geoph. Mont. Hung., 3, 155–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teichmüller M, Teichmüller R, Weber K 1979: Fortschr. Geol. Rheinld. Westf., 27, 201–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tissot B P, Welte D H 1984: Petroleum formation and occurance. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomek C 1986: Tectonic significance of the new seismic sections from the Western Carpathians to the Pannonian Basin (abstr.). Workshop on Studies on the Mesozoic and Tertiary Geodynamics of the Periadriatic Region, Sümeg, Hungary, Eötvös University, pp. 64.

  • Vaasjoki M, Sakko M 1988: Geol. Surv. Finland, Bull., 343, 7–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volbers R, Jödicke H, Untiedt J 1991: Geol. Rdsch., 79, 8581–601.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallner Á 1977: Acta Geod. Geoph. Mont. Hung., 12, 145–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward P, Kohonen J 1988: Geol. Surv. Finland, Special Paper, 10, 23–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson E B 1986: Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 529–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wynn J C, Kleinkopf M D, Harrison J E 1977: Geology, 5, 309–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhamaletdinov A A 1996: Phys. Solid Earth, 32, 272–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhamaletdinov A A, Kovtun A A 1993: In: The Lithosphere Structure of the Baltic Shield, Moscow, MGK Ross. Akad. Nauk, 86–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao D, Mishra O P, Sanda R 2002: Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 132, 249–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhdanov M S, Berdichevsky M N, Abramova L N, Bilinskii A I, Bobrov V N, Varentsov I M, Golubev N G, Gordienko V V, Zhdanova O N, Kulik S N, Fainberg E B, Shneer V S 1985: Dokl. Ackad. Nauk SSSR (in Russian), 285, 78–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zsíros T 1985: Gerlands Beitr. Geophys., 94, 111–122.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geodetic and Geophysical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-9401, Sopron, POB 5, Hungary

    A. Ádám

Authors
  1. A. Ádám
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ádám, A. Graphite/graphitic rocks as cause of the electric conductivity anomaly and their relationship to the tectonics — A review. Acta Geod. Geoph. Hung 40, 391–411 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1556/AGeod.40.2005.3-4.11

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/AGeod.40.2005.3-4.11

Keywords

Search

Navigation