Abstract
Sorghum is a drought tolerant cereal and staple food which is a dietary source of protein and more than 20 minerals. The concentration of the mineral elements and protein content in sorghum varies due to genotypic and environmental influences and genotype by environment interactions. The objective of this study was to determine the contents of eight mineral elements (Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Na, P, Zn and Mg) and protein in sorghum genotypes. The analysis of variance showed significant differences in mineral and protein contents. There was a significant relationship between Zn and Fe and between protein and P and Zn. The principal component (PC) analysis showed that Fe, Mn, P, Zn and protein contributed largely to clustering of the genotypes in PC1; Ca, P and Mg to PC2 and Ca, K and Na to PC3. The presence of a considerable amount of compositional variability of mineral and protein contents among tested genotypes suggests that they can be a valuable source of genes for nutritional quality improvement of sorghum.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Agrobase 2005. Generation II. Agronomix Software Inc. 71 Waterloo, St.Winnipeg, Manitoba R3NOS4, Canada.
Anglani, C. 1998. Sorghum for human food: A review. Plant Foods and Hum. Nutr. 52:85–89.
Asha, V.B., Geetha, K., Sheela, K., Dhanapa, G.N. 2005. Nutritional composition of sorghum and moth bean incorporated traditional recipes. J. Hum. Ecol. 17:201–203.
Awadelkareem, A.M.A. 2002. Characterization and utilization of sorghum and millet wet-melting proteins in bread system. MSc. Thesis. University of Khartoum. Khartoum, Sudan.
Awadelkareem, A.M., Muralikrishn, G., El Tinay, A.H., Mustafa, A.I. 2009. Characterization of tannin and study of in vitro protein digestibility and mineral profile of Sudan and Indian sorghum cultivars. Pakistan J. Nutr. 8:469–476.
Badi, W.H.I. 2004. Effect of processing on antinutritional factors and mineral bioavailability of sorghum. PhD Thesis. University of Khartoum. Khartoum, Sudan.
Benzian, B., Darby, R.J., Lane, P., Widdowson, F.V., Verstreten, L.M.J. 1983. Relationship between N concentration of grain and grain yield in recent winter-wheat experiments in England and Belgium, some with large yields. J. Sci. Food Agric. 34:685–695.
BSTID-NRC (Board on Science and Technology for International Development National Research Council). 1996. Lost Crops of Africa. Academic Press. Washington, D.C., USA.
Brown, K.H., Wnehler, S.E. 2002. Zinc and Human Health. Results of Recent Trial and Implications for Programme Interventions and Research. Micronutrient initiative. Ottawa Canada International Research Centre. Ottawa, Canada.
Chatfield, C., Collin, A.J. 1980. Introduction to Multivariate Analysis. Chapman and Hall in association with Methuen, Inc. New York, NY, USA.
Dicko, M.H., Gruppen, H., Traore, A.S., Alphons, G.J., Voragen, A.G.J., van Berkel, W.J.H. 2006. Sorghum grain as human food in Africa: Relevance of content of starch and amylase activities. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5:384–395.
Ebadi, M.R., Pourreza, J., Jamalian, J., Edris, M.A., Samie, A.H., Mirhadi, S.A. 2005. Amino acid content and availability in low medium and high tannin sorghum grain for poultry. Int. J. Poult. Sci 1:27–31.
Glew, R.H., Vanderjagt, D.J., Lockett, C., Grivetti, L.E., Smith, G.C., Pastuszyn, A., Millson, M. 1997. Amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral composition of 24 indigenous plants of Burkina Faso. J. Food Comp. Anal. 10:205–217.
Gorz, H.J., Haskins, F.A., Pedersen, J.F., Ross, W.M. 1987. Combining ability effects for mineral elements in forage sorghum hybrids. Crop Sci. 27:216–219.
Hair, J.F., Andrson, J.R., Tatham, R.E., Black, W.C. 1998. Multivariate data analysis, 5th ed. Prentice-Hall International, Inc. London, UK.
Hintze, J.L. 2004. NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical Systems). Kaysville, Utah, Canada.
Idris, W.H., Abdel Rahaman, S.M., Elmaki, H.B., Babiker, E.E., EI Tinay, A.H. 2007. Effect of malt treatment on HCL extractability of calcium, phosphorus and iron of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) cultivars. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 42:194–199.
Jimoh, W.L.O., Abdullahi, M.S. 2011. Analysis of some mineral elements in selected sorghum cultivars. Bayero J. Pure Appl. Sci. 4:56–58.
Johnson, D.E. 1998. Applied Multivariate Method for Data Analysis. Duxbury Press. Pacific Grove, California, USA.
Khalil, J.K., Sawaya, W.N., Al Mohammed, H.M. 1984. Chemical composition and nutritional quality of sorghum flour and bread. Qual. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 34:141–150.
Klopfenstein, C.F., Hoseney, R.C. 1995. Nutritional properties of sorghum and the millets. In: Dendy, D.A.V. (ed.), Am. Assoc. Cereal Chem. St Paul, MN, USA. pp. 125–168.
Lasztity, R. 1996. The Chemistry of Cereal Proteins. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Léder, I. 2004. Sorghum and millets. In: Fuleky, G. (ed.), Cultivated Plants, Primarily as Food Sources. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems, Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO. EOLSS Publisher. Oxford, UK (http://www.eolss.net).
Miller, J., Boswell, F.C. 1976. Mineral composition of liver and kidney of rats fed corn, sorghum, and soybean grain grown with sewage sludges and NPK fertilizers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 24:935–938.
Mohammed, N.A., Mohamed Ahmed, I.A., Babiker, E.E. 2010. Nutritional evaluation of sorghum flour (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) during processing of injera. Int. J. Biol. Life Sci. 6:1.
Mokrane, H., Amoura, H., Belhaneche-Bensemra, N., Courtin, C.M., Delcour, J.A., Nadjemi, B. 2010. Assessment of Algerian sorghum protein quality using amino acid analysis and in vitro pepsin digestibility. Food Chem. 121:719–723.
Morgounov, A., Gomez-Becerra, H.F., Abugalieva, A., Dzhunusova, M., Yessimbekova, M., Muminjanov, H., Zelenskiy, Y., Ozturk, L., Cakmak, I. 2007. Iron and zinc grain density in common wheat grown in Central Asia. Euphytica 155:193–203.
Murty, D.S., Kumar, K.A. 1995. Traditional uses of sorghum and millets. In: Dendy, D.A.V. (ed.), Sorghum and millets: Chemistry and technology, Am. Assoc. Cereal Chem. St Paul, MN, USA. pp. 185–221.
Neucere, N.J., Sumrell, G. 1980. Chemical composition of different varieties of grain sorghum. J. Agric. Chem. 28:19–21.
Ng’uni, D., Geleta, M., Hofvander, P., Fatih, M., Bryngelsson, T. 2012. Comparative genetic diversity and nutritional quality variation among some important Southern African sorghum accessions [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. AJCS 6:56–64.
Okareh, O.T., Adeolu, A.T., Adepoju, O.T. 2015. Proximate and mineral composition of plantain (Musa Paradisiaca) wastes flour; a potential nutrients source in the formulation of animal feeds. Afr. J. Food Sci. Technol. 6:53–57.
Olatunji, E.M.A., Temitope, B.M. 2013. Comparative study of mineral elements distribution in sorghum and millet from Minna and Bida, North Central Nigeria. Int. J. Food Nutr. Saf. 3:33–55.
Prince, C.A., Clark, H.E., Funkhouse, E.A. 1972. Functions of Micronutrients in Plants: Micronutrients in Agriculture. Soil Science Soc. America. Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Ragaee, S., Abdel-Aal, E.M., Noaman, M. 2006. Antioxidant activity and nutrient composition of selected cereals for food use. Food Chem. 98:32–38.
Rolfes, S.R., Pinna, K., Whitney, E. 2009. Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition. Ninth ed. Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Belmont, CA, USA. p. 37.
Ruiz, M., Varela, F., Carillo, J.M. 1997. Analysis of the discriminating power of agro-morphological and biochemical descriptors in a sample of Spanish collection barely (Hordeum vulgare L.). Genet. Resour. Crop Ev. 44:247–255.
Samia, M.A., Hagir, B.E., Wisal, I.H., Elfadil, E.B., Abdullahi, H.E. 2005. Proximate composition, antinutritional factors and mineral content and availability of selected legumes and cereals grown in Sudan. J. Food Technol. 3:511–515.
Shegro, A., Shargie, N.G., Van Biljon, A., Labuschagne, M.T. 2012. Diversity in starch, protein and mineral composition of sorghum landrace accessions from Ethiopia. J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 15:275–280.
Stanley, A.B. 1995. Soil Nutrient Bioavailability. Purdue University. New York, USA. pp. 180–372.
Subramanian, V., Jambunathan, R. 1984. Chemical composition and food quality of sorghum. In: Salunke, D.K., Chavan, J.K., Jadhav, S.J. (eds), Nutritional and processing quality of sorghum. IBA Publications. New Delhi, India.
Subramanian, V., Seetharama, N., Jambunathan, R., Venkateswara Rao, P. 1990. Evaluation of protein quality of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38:1344–1347.
Waters, B.M., Pedersen, J.F. 2009. Sorghum germplasm profiling to assist breeding and gene identification for bio fortification of grain mineral and protein concentration. Proc. Int. Plant Nutrition Colloquium XVI. Dept. of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, University of California, Davis, California, USA. Available at http://escholarship.org/uc/item/38w380dn. pp. 1–7.
Yellen, G. 2002. The voltage gatted potassium channels and their relatives. Nature 419:35–42.
Zhang, Y., Song, Q., Yan, J., Tang, J., Zhao, R., Zhang, Y., He, Z., Zou, C., Ortiz-Monasterio, I. 2010. Mineral element concentrations in grains of Chinese wheat cultivars. Euphytica 174:303–313.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by F. Békés
Rights and permissions
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Gerrano, A.S., Labuschagne, M.T., van Biljon, A. et al. Quantification of Mineral Composition and Total Protein Content in Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] Genotypes. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 44, 272–285 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1556/0806.43.2015.046
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/0806.43.2015.046