Abstract
The present study reports simultaneous mineralisation and biodetoxification of Ponceau S (3-hydroxy-4-(2-sulfo-4-[4-sulfophenylazo]phenylazo)-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid sodium salt), an azo dye, by UV light assisted oxidation with hydroxyl and sulfate radicals. Metal ion catalysts used in the work were: Fe2+ and Ag+, and the oxidants used were: hydrogen peroxide and S2O82−. Strategies adopted to make the processes environmentally benign and economically viable by achieving maximum mineralisation in the shortest possible time are described. Mineralisation efficiency (Em) of various systems was found to follow the order: Em(Fe2+/H2O2/UV) > Em(Fe2+/S2O82−/UV) > Em(Ag+/H2O2/UV) ≈ Em(Ag+/S2O82−/UV). Thus, Fe2+ and HP are the most suitable metal ion catalyst and oxidant respectively, showing higher efficiency at pH 3 followed by that at pH 6.6. It is possible to enhance the Fe2+/H2O2/UV process electrical energy efficiency by maintaining the concentration of Fe at either 0.05 mM or 0.03 mM and that of the oxidant at 2.5 mM. The bioassay study revealed that the Fe2+/S2O82−/UV process biodetoxification efficiency is higher at pH 3 (93.7 %) followed by that at pH 6.6 (80.1 %) at the concentration of Fe 2+ and S2O82− of 0.03 mM and 2.5 mM, respectively. Thus, not only the concentration of Fe2+, but also the nature of the oxidant and pH play an important role in the biodetoxification process and S2O82− possesses higher biodetoxification efficiency than H2O2.
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Sahoo, M.K., Marbaniang, M. & Sharan, R.N. UV light-assisted mineralisation and biodetoxification of Ponceau S with hydroxyl and sulfate radicals. Chem. Pap. 70, 1066–1077 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1515/chempap-2016-0050
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/chempap-2016-0050