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Low rates of Plasmodium falciparum Pfcrt K76T mutation in three sentinel sites of malaria monitoring in Côte d’Ivoire

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Abstract

Despite efforts to eliminate it, malaria remains a major public health concern, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire. Chloroquine (CQ) was one of the first drugs used for its treatment, but was officially withdrawn from the market in 2007 following reports of high levels of chloroquine resistance. The present study was carried out after the withdrawal of CQ and provides an update on the rates of CQ resistance in Côte d’Ivoire. Samples were collected between September 2013 and March 2014 in Abidjan and from January to May 2016 in Abengourou and San Pedro through cross-sectional studies. Parasitemia was assessed by microscopy, and single nucleotide polymorphism in the Pfcrt (codon 76) gene was analyzed by nested PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism. A total of 343 samples were analyzed: 119, 106 and 118 were from Abidjan, Abengourou, and San Pedro, respectively. The sex ratio of patients was 0.92. The mean age of patients enrolled was 9.6 years (SD = 10.8). The geometric mean of parasite density was 21,337 parasites/μL (SD = 49,508; range, 2,000-200,000). Molecular analysis revealed 57 K76T mutants (16.6%): 33, 9, and 15 in Abidjan, Abengourou and in San Pedro, respectively. Most of these were found in patients aged ≤15 years (42/57) who had parasitemia greater than 10,000 parasites/μL (40/57). This is the first study conducted in Côte d’Ivoire reporting a decline in Pfcrt K76T mutation rate. Thus, our results indicate the importance of following up on the observed trend also at a national level.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Parasitology, Mycology, Animal Biology and, Zoology, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, BPV 34, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

    Abibatou Konaté, Valérie Akoua Bédia-Tanoh, Hervé Ignace Eby Menan & William Yavo

  2. Malaria Research and Control Centre/National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, BPV 47, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

    Abibatou Konaté, Paterne Akpa Gnagne, Valérie Akoua Bédia-Tanoh, Mireille Amiah-Droh, Dominique Konan Tano & William Yavo

  3. Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Research Centre on AIDS and the others infectious diseases, 01 BPV 13, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

    Hervé Ignace Eby Menan

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  1. Abibatou Konaté
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  2. Paterne Akpa Gnagne
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  3. Valérie Akoua Bédia-Tanoh
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  7. William Yavo
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Correspondence to Abibatou Konaté.

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Konaté, A., Gnagne, P.A., Bédia-Tanoh, V.A. et al. Low rates of Plasmodium falciparum Pfcrt K76T mutation in three sentinel sites of malaria monitoring in Côte d’Ivoire. Acta Parasit. 63, 795–801 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0096

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