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Global Burden of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias Attributed to High Fasting Plasma Glucose from 1990 to 2019

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The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Burden of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias have grown rapidly over the decades, and high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) was one of the well-established risk factors. It is urgently needed to estimate the global burden of AD and other dementias attributable to high fasting plasma glucose between regions, countries, age groups, and sexes to inform development of effective primary disease prevention strategies and intervention policies.

Methods

The burden of AD and other dementias attributable to HFPG was estimated based on a modeling strategy using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 dataset. The disease burden and time trend globally and by region, country, development level, age group, and sex were evaluated.

Results

The number of AD and other dementias-related deaths attributable to HFPG increased from 42,998.23 (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 4459.86–163,455.78, the year of 1990) to 159,244.53 deaths (95% UI 18,385.23–583,514.15, the year of 2019). The age-standardized death rate increased from 1.69 (95% UI 0.18–6.54) in 1990 to 2.24 (95% UI 0.26–8.24) in 2019. The burden was higher in more developed regions. The burden in women was double that in men, that HFPG-attributable AD and other dementias caused 99,812.79 deaths (95% UI 9005.67–387,160.60) in women and 59,431.74 deaths (95% UI 5439.02–214,819.23) in men, with age-standardized death rate of 2.27 (95% UI 0.20–8.79) per 100,000 population in women and 2.20 (95% UI 0.20–8.00) in men.

Conclusion

Findings from the current study emphasizes the urgent requirement for targeted interventions in high-development regions, as well as the importance of proactive measures in middle-development countries in protection of AD and other dementias. The gender disparity necessitates the integration of gender-specific considerations in targeted approaches in prevention of AD and other dementias.

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Availability of data and materials: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the Global Health Data Exchange (http://ghdx.healthdata.org).

Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

DALYs:

Disability-adjusted Life Years

FPG:

Fasting plasma glucose

GBD:

Global Burden of Disease

HFPG:

High Fasting Plasma Glucose

SDI:

Sociodemographic Index

UI:

Uncertainty Interval

YLD:

year living with disability

YLL:

year of life lost

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Acknowledgements

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Funding

Funding: This study was funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M730112) and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (No. INV-0045085). The study sponsor had no role in the study design, data analysis and interpretation of data, the writing of the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China

    M. Wang, K. Huang, Yinzi Jin & Z.-J. Zheng

  2. Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China

    M. Wang, K. Huang, Yinzi Jin & Z.-J. Zheng

Authors
  1. M. Wang
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  2. K. Huang
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  4. Z.-J. Zheng
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Contributions

Authors’ contributions: All authors helped develop the study concept and design. MW and KH contributed to the data collection, statistical analysis and manuscript writing. YJ and ZZ provided overall guidance and critical revision. All authors revised the manuscript and approved the final version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yinzi Jin.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

How to cite this article: M. Wang, K. Huang, Y. Jin, et al. Global Burden of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias Attributed to High Fasting Plasma Glucose from 1990 to 2019. J Prev Alz Dis 2024; https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2024.47

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Wang, M., Huang, K., Jin, Y. et al. Global Burden of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias Attributed to High Fasting Plasma Glucose from 1990 to 2019. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 11, 780–786 (2024). https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2024.47

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