Abstract
In this study, the participation of women in social life and their position in economic activity in Turkey was examined in comparison with EU countries. To examine women’s participation in social life we used the Gender Related Development Index (GDI), which was developed by the UNDP politic, and for economic life we employed the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). According to our results, the inequality between men and women in terms health, education, and welfare standards, which are considered in the establishment of the subject index, increased in Turkey. However, Turkey remains well behind EU countries including EU candidates in terms of the social participation of women. Results also indicate that, the same inequalities are still present in terms of the position of women vis-à-vis economic activity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acar, F., 1986. Women in a changing society: The case of Jordanian academics. METU Studies in Development, 13(3, 4), pp.307–324.
Aytaç, S., 2000. Career problem of women in working life. Dedicate to Prof. Dr. Nusret Ekin. Istanbul: Tühis. pp.905-914. (in Turkish)
Berik, G., 1989. The social condition of women in Turkey in the eighties and the migration process, New Perspectives on Turkey, 3(1).
Budak, G. and Özkaya, O. M., 2007. Education policies that would enable the increase of women’s participation in the workforce. Woman in business world. Istanbul: TURKONFED. pp.43–61. (in Turkish)
Çakır, Ö., 2008. Isolations of women from working life in Turkey. Erciyes University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 31(1), pp.25–47. (in Turkish)
Ereş, F., 2006. Statues of women at Turkey and reflections. The Journal of the Industrial Arts Education Faculty of Gazi University, 19(1), pp.40–52. (in Turkish)
Griffin, R. W., 1993. Management. 4rd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
ILO, 1995. Gender poverty and employment. Italy: International Labour Office.
Karadeniz, O. and Yılmaz, H., 2007. The position of women within the workforce market in Turkey and the factors that influence their participation in the workforce market. Woman in business world. Istanbul: TURKONFED. pp.23–42. (in Turkish)
Koray, M., 1993. Facts of woman in working life. Izmir: Trade Union of Bank and Insurance Workers Education and Culture Publication No: 23. (in Turkish)
Lordoğlu, K., 1990. A field study on the women labour within the system of assigning works to be done at home. Istanbul: Frederich Ebert Foundation Publication. (in Turkish)
Lordoğlu, K., Törüner, M. and Özkaplan, N., 1999. Labour economics. 4rd ed. Istanbul: Beta Publication No:535. (in Turkish)
Minibaş, T., 2005. Economic development and woman employment, 4. International woman managers forum, 7 July 2005.[online] Available at: http://turkelminibas.net/read.asp?id=23&tur=makale [Accessed 25 June 2009]. (in Turkish)
Nancy, E. B. and Louise, F., 1987. The career psychology of women. San Diego: Academic Press Inc.
Özer, M. and Biçerli, M. K., 2003. Analysis of panel data of female labour in Turkey. Anadolu university social sciences journal, 3(1), pp.55–82. (in Turkish)
Selamoğlu, A. and Lordoğlu, K., 2006. General outlook of labour force and employment in the European Union and Turkey in procedure accession. Ankara: Trade Union of Municipal Workers Publication. (in Turkish)
KSGM, 2003. Report of the Turkish grand national assembly commission on the status of women, Ankara: KSGM. (in Turkish)
KSGM, 2008. Position of woman in Turkey, Ankara: KSGM. (in Turkish)
TISK, 2001. Female labour panels in growth industry I–II. Ankara: TISK Publication No. 205. (in Turkish)
TISK, 2002. Position of female labour in modern industry centres: The case of Bursa. Ankara: TISK Publication No. 219. (in Turkish)
Toker, A., 1999. Female labour in Turkey. TISK female labour seminars in Turkey. Ankara: TISK Publication No. 192. (in Turkish)
Tokol, A., 1999. Female labour in world. TISK female labour seminars in Turkey. Ankara: TISK Publication No. 192. (in Turkish)
Toksöz, G., 1999. Female labour in Turkey and employment of female labour in informal sector. TISK female labour seminars in Turkey. Ankara: TISK Publication, No. 192. (in Turkish)
TURKONFED, 2007. Woman in business world. Istanbul: TURKONFED. (in Turkish)
TUSİAD, 2008. Social gender inequality in Turkey: Problems, priorities and proposals, Istanbul: TÜSİAD-T/ 2008-07/468. (in Turkish)
Ulutaş, Ü. Ç., 2009. Womanized poverty and invisible labour. Labour and society. 2(21), pp.25–40. (in Turkish)
Unat, N. A., 1981. Women in Turkish society. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
UNDP, 2000. Human Development Report 2000. [online] Available at: http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2000_EN.pdf pdf [Accessed 5 June 2009].
UNDP, 2001. Human Development Report 2001. [online] Available at: http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/completenew1.pdf [Accessed 5 June 2009].
UNDP, 2002. Human Development Report 2002. [online] Available at: http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2002_EN_Complete.pdf [Accessed 5 June 2009].
UNDP, 2003. Human Development Report 2003. [online] Available at:http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr03_complete.pdf [Accessed 5 June 2009].
UNDP, 2004. Human Development Report 2004. [online] Available at: http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr04_complete.pdf [Accessed 5 June 2009].
UNDP, 2005. Human Development Report 2005. [online] Available at: http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR05_complete.pdf [Accessed 5 June 2009]
UNDP, 2006. Human Development Report 2006. [online] Available at: http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR06-complete.pdf [Accessed 5 June 2009].
UNDP, 2007. Human Development Report 2007–2008. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf [Accessed 5 June 2009].
Üşür, S., 2003. Turkish woman and equal opportunity. Baskent University Strategic Research Center Panel, 30 May 2003. [online] Available at: http://www.sam.baskent.edu.tr/arsiv.html> [Accessed 17 June 2009].
Wichterich, C., 2004. Globalized women: reports from the future of inequality, Translated T. Tayanç and F. Tayanç. Ankara: Pandora Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Karaca, N.G., Kocabaş, F. The Position of Women in Social and Economic Life: A Comparison between the EU and Turkey. Eurasian Econ Rev 1, 66–94 (2011). https://doi.org/10.14208/BF03353825
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14208/BF03353825