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Optical atomic clocks

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Summary

In the last ten years extraordinary results in time and frequency metrology have been demonstrated. Frequency-stabilization techniques for continuous-wave lasers and femtosecond optical frequency combs have enabled a rapid development of frequency standards based on optical transitions in ultra-cold neutral atoms and trapped ions. As a result, today’s best performing atomic clocks tick at an optical rate and allow scientists to perform high-resolution measurements with a precision approaching a few parts in 1018. This paper reviews the history and the state of the art in optical-clock research and addresses the implementation of optical clocks in a possible future redefinition of the SI second as well as in tests of fundamental physics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS, Università di Firenze INFN, Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy

    N. Poli & G. M. Tino

  2. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Time and Frequency Division, MS 847, 80305, Boulder, CO, USA

    C. W. Oates

  3. National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK

    P. Gill

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  1. N. Poli
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Poli, N., Oates, C.W., Gill, P. et al. Optical atomic clocks. Riv. Nuovo Cim. 36, 555–624 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1393/ncr/i2013-10095-x

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