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High-energy neutrino astronomy

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La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento Aims and scope

Summary

The field of astroparticle physics entered in a flourishing period thanks to the operation of several experiments that lead to the discovery and even identification of about hundred cosmic TeV gamma-ray sources and measurement of the Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray flux. At least few tens of the identified TeV gamma sources in the Galaxy are expected to be also high-energy neutrinos sources. Many other extragalactic sources, not seen in TeV gamma-rays, may also be high-energy neutrino emitters. Neutrinos, light and uncharged, are very promising probes for high-energy astrophysics since they can reach the Earth from cosmic distances and from astrophysical environments obscure to high-energy gammas and nuclei. Theoretical estimates indicate that a detection area of the order of a few km2 is required for the measurement of HE cosmic v fluxes. The underwater/ice optical Cerenkov technique is widely considered the most promising experimental approach to build high-energy neutrino detectors in the TeV-PeV energy range. After the first generation of underwater/ice neutrino telescopes (Baikal, AMANDA and ANTARES), the quest for the construction of km2 size detectors have already started. At the South Pole the construction of the IceCube neutrino telescope is in an advanced stage, while the ANTARES, NEMO and NESTOR collaborations together with several other European Institutions take part to KM3NeT aiming at the installation of a km3-scale neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. Also limits for UHE neutrino detection were strongly improved in the last few years, especially with the recent results of ANITA and Auger. IceRay, a very large detector based on the radio-acoustic technique at the South Pole, has been proposed. Intense R&D activities are also ongoing on thermo-acoustic techniques that could provide a viable solution for UHE detection underwater. This paper reviews the status and perspectives of high-energy neutrino astronomy from an experimental point of view.

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  1. Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via S. Sofia 62, I-95123, Catania, Italy

    P. Sapienza & G. Riccobene

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Sapienza, P., Riccobene, G. High-energy neutrino astronomy. Riv. Nuovo Cim. 32, 591–650 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1393/ncr/i2010-10050-5

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