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Phospholipase A2 in astrocytes

Responses to oxidative stress, inflammation, and G protein-coupled receptor agonists

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Abstract

Astrocytes comprise the major cell type in the central nervous system (CNS) and they are essential for support of neuronal functions by providing nutrients and regulating cell-to-cell communication. Astrocytes also are immune-like cells that become reactive in response to neuronal injury. Phospholipases A2 (PLA 2) are a family of ubiquitous enzymes that degrade membrane phospholipids and produce lipid mediators for regulating cellular functions. Three major classes of PLA 2 are expressed in astrocytes: group IV calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA 2 (cPLA2), group VI calcium-independent PLA 2 (iPLA2), and group II secretory PLA 2 (sPLA2). Upregulation of PLA 2 in reactive astrocytes has been shown to occur in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. This review focuses on describing the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, and activation of G protein-coupled receptors on PLA 2 activation, arachidonic acid (AA) release, and production of prostanoids in astrocytes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO

    Grace Y. Sun, Michael D. Jensen, Sue Yu, Agnes Simonyi & Gary A. Weisman

  2. Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO

    Albert Y. Sun

  3. Division of Experimental Medicine, Harvard Institute of Medicine and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA

    Jianfeng Xu

  4. Department of Pharmacology and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN

    W. Gibson Wood

  5. Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico

    Fernando A. González

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  1. Grace Y. Sun
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Sun, G.Y., Xu, J., Jensen, M.D. et al. Phospholipase A2 in astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 31, 27–41 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1385/MN:31:1-3:027

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