Abstract
Long-acting octapeptide somatostatin analogs can effectively control symptoms resulting from excessive hormone release in patients with endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, provided that these tumors and metastases show a high expression of the somatostatin receptor subtype 2. The presence of this receptor subtype on these tumors can be demonstrated by in vitro studies, but also in vivo using 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy. In a few studies, significant antiproliferative effects of these drugs on these tumors have also been demonstrated. The effectiveness of octapeptide somatostatin analogs in the management of chemotherapy-related and AIDS-related diarrhea and in reducing postoperative complications of pancreatic surgery have also been demonstrated. These drugs have been used to decrease the output of enterocutaneous pancreatic fistulas and are prophylactically used to prevent the development of these fistulas. Octapeptide somatostatin analog therapy is widely accepted for the initial management of acute variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. These drugs are currently also being evaluated for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and malignant intestinal obstruction. Radiotherapy with octapeptide somatostatin analogs coupled to radionuclides such as indium-111, yttrium-90, and lutetium-177 is currently being studied in phase I–III trials.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Solcia, E., Kloppel, G., and Sobin, L. H. (2000). Histological typing of endocrine tumours. Springer-Verlag: Berlin.
Lamberts, S. W., Hofland, L. J., de Herder, W. W., Kwekkeboom, D. J., Reubi, J. C., and Krenning, E. P. (1993). Front. Neuroendocrinol. 14, 27–55.
Kvols, L. K., Brown, M. L., O’Connor, M. K., et al. (1993). Radiology 187, 129–133.
Krenning, E. P., Kwekkeboom, D. J., Reubi, J. C., et al. (1992). Metabolism 41, 83–86.
Jamar, F., Fiasse, R., Leners, N., and Pauwels, S. (1995). J. Nucl. Med. 36, 542–549.
Slooter, G. D., Mearadji, A., Breeman, W. A., et al. (2001). Br. J. Surg. 88, 31–40.
Ellison, E. C., Schirmer, W. J., Olsen, J. O., et al. (1997). Cancer Control 4, 35–39.
Janson, E. T., Westlin, J. E., Eriksson, B., Ahlstrom, H., Nilsson, S., and Oberg, K. (1994). Eur. J. Endocrinol. 131, 577–581.
Krenning, E. P., Kwekkeboom, D. J., Oei, H. Y., et al. (1994). Digestion 55(Suppl. 3), 54–59.
Krenning, E. P., Kwekkeboom, D. J., Oei, H. Y., et al. (1994). Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 733, 416–424.
Rubin, J., Ajani, J., Schirmer, W., et al. (1999). J. Clin. Oncol. 17, 600–606.
Jensen, R. T. (1999). In: Recent advances in the pathophysiology and management of inflammatory bowel diseases and digestive endocrine tumors. Mignon, M. and Columbel, J. F. (eds.). John Libbey Eurotext: Montrouge, France.
Oberg, K. (1997). In: Clinical endocrine oncology. Sheaves, R., Jenkins, P. J., and Wass, J. A. (eds.). Blackwell Science: Oxford.
Kvols, L. K., Moertel, C. G., O’Connell, M. J., Schutt, A. J., Rubin, J., and Hahn, R. G. (1986). N. Engl. J. Med. 315, 663–666.
Kvols, L. K. (1989). Metab. Clin. North Am. 18, 557–568.
Caplin, M. E., Buscombe, J. R., Hilson, A. J., Jones, A. L., Watkinson, A. F., and Burroughs, A. K. (1998). Lancet 352, 799–805.
Kulke, M. H. and Mayer, R. J. (1999). N. Engl. J. Med. 340, 858–868.
de Herder, W. W., Hofland, L. J., van der Lely, A. J., and Lamberts, S. W. (1996). Baillieres Clin. Gastroenterol. 10, 571–587.
Kvols, L. K., Martin, J. K., Marsh, H. M., and Moertel, C. G. (1985). N. Engl. J. Med. 313, 1229–1230.
Marsh, H. M., Martin, J. K. Jr., Kvols, L. K., et al. (1987). Anesthesiology 66, 89–91.
Janssen, M., Salm, E. F., Breburda, C. S., et al. (2000). Intensive Care Med. 26, 254.
Vaughan, D. J. and Brunner, M. D. (1997). Int. Anesthesiol. Clin. 35, 129–142.
Gates, J., Hartnell, G. G., Stuart, K. E., and Clouse, M. E. (1999). Radiographics 19, 399–414.
Kinney, M. A., Warner, M. E., Nagorney, D. M., et al. (2001). Br. J. Anaesth. 87, 447–452.
Westberg, G., Wangberg, B., Ahlman, H., Bergh, C. H., Beckman-Suurkula, M., and Caidahl, K. (2001). Br. J. Surg. 88, 865–872.
Maton, P. N. (1989). Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 18, 897–922.
Venkatesh, S., Vassilopoulou-Sellin, R., and Samaan, N. A. (1989). Am. J. Med. 87, 356–357.
Vinik, A. I., Tsai, S. T., Moattari, A. R., Cheung, P., Eckhauser, F. E., and Cho, K. (1986). Am. J. Med. 81, 23–40.
Santangelo, W. C., O’Dorisio, T. M., Kim, J. G., Severino, G., and Krejs, G. J. (1985). Ann. Intern. Med. 103, 363–367.
Maton, P. N., O’Dorisio, T. M., Howe, B. A., et al. (1985). N. Engl. J. Med. 312, 17–21.
Bewley, A. P., Ross, J. S., Bunker, C. B., and Staughton, R. C. (1996). Br. J. Dermatol. 134, 1101–1104.
Altimari, A. F., Bhoopalam, N., O’Dorsio, T., Lange, C. L., Sandberg, L., and Prinz, R. A. (1986). Surgery 100, 989–996.
Boden, G., Ryan, I. G., Eisenschmid, B. L., Shelmet, J. J., and Owen, O. E. (1986). N. Engl. J. Med. 314, 1686–1689.
Santangelo, W. C., Unger, R. H., Orci, L., Dueno, M. I., Popma, J. J., and Krejs, G. J. (1986). Pancreas 1, 464–469.
Rosenbaum, A., Flourie, B., Chagnon, S., Blery, M., and Modigliani, R. (1989). Digestion 42, 116–120.
Annibale, B., Delle, F. G., Azzoni, C., et al. (1994). Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 8, 95–104.
Lamberts, S. W., de Herder, W. W., Krenning, E. P., and Reubi, J. C. (1994). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 78, 17–19.
de Herder, W. W. and Lamberts, S. W. (1999). Postgrad. Med. J 75, 65–66.
Von Werder, K., Losa, M., Muller, O. A., Schweiberer, L., Fahlbusch, R., and del Pozo, E. (1984). Lancet 2, 282, 283.
Lefebvre, S., De Paepe, L., Abs, R., Rahier, J., Selvais, P., and Maiter, D. (1995). Eur. J. Endocrinol. 133, 320–324.
Seufert, J., Ebert, K., Muller, J., et al. (2001). N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 1883–1888.
Rhee, Y., Lee, J. D., Shin, K. H., Lee, H. C., Huh, K. B., and Lim, S. K. (2001). Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 54, 551–554.
Wynick, D., Ratcliffe, W. A., Heath, D. A., Ball, S., Barnard, M., and Bloom, S. R. (1990). BMJ 300, 1314, 1315.
Mantzoros, C. S., Suva, L. J., Moses, A. C., and Spark, R. (1997). Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 46, 373–375.
Barhoum, M., Hutchins, L., and Fonseca, V. A. (1999). Am. J. Med. Sci. 318, 203–205.
Stabile, B. E. (1997). Gastroenterologist 5, 213–232.
Arnold, R., Neuhaus, C., Benning, R., et al. (1993). World J. Surg. 17, 511–519.
Arnold, R., Simon, B., and Wied, M. (2000). Digestion 62 (Suppl. 1), 84–91.
Agard, C., Guerzider, P., Bouillard, J., Deguiral, P., Nomballais, M. F., and Caille, G. (1998). Rev. Med. Interne 19, 438–441.
Christ, F., Siewert, B., and Koch, O. (1991). Ultraschall. Med. 12, 41–44.
Clements, D. and Elias, E. (1985). Lancet 1, 874–875.
Imam, H., Eriksson, B., Lukinius, A., et al. (1997). Acta Oncol. 36, 607–614.
Saltz, L., Trochanowski, B., Buckley, M., et al. (1993). Cancer 72, 244–248.
Di Bartolomeo, M., Bajetta, E., Buzzoni, R., et al. (1996). Cancer 77, 402–408.
Ducreux, M., Ruszniewski, P., Chayvialle, J. A., et al. (2000). Am. J. Gastroenterol. 95, 3276–3281.
Arnold, R., Trautmann, M. E., Creutzfeldt, W., et al. (1996). Gut 38, 430–438.
Wymenga, A. N., Eriksson, B., Salmela, P. I., et al. (1999). J. Clin. Oncol. 17, 1111–1117.
Shojamanesh, H., Gibril, F., Louie, A., et al. (2002). Cancer 94, 331–343.
Aparicio, T., Ducreux, M., Baudin, E., et al. (2001). Eur. J. Cancer 37, 1014–1019.
Ruszniewski, P., Ducreux, M., Chayvialle, J. A., et al. (1996). Gut 39, 279–283.
Faiss, S., Scherubl, H., Riecken, E. O., and Wiedenmann, B. (1996). Recent Results Cancer Res. 142, 193–207.
Eriksson, B., Renstrup, J., Imam, H., and Oberg, K. (1997). Ann. Oncol. 8, 1041–1044.
Janson, E. T. and Oberg, K. (1993). Acta Oncol. 32, 225–229.
Lamberts, S. W., van der Lely, A. J., de Herder, W. W., and Hofland, L. J. (1996). N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 246–254.
Oberg, K. (2001). Chemotherapy 47(Suppl. 2), 40–53.
de Herder, W. W., van der Lely, A. J., and Lamberts, S. W. (1996). Postgrad. Med. J. 72, 403–408.
Frank, M., Klose, K. J., Wied, M., Ishaque, N., Schade-Brittinger, C., and Arnold, R. (1999). Am. J. Gastroenterol. 94, 1381–1387.
Joensuu, H., Katka, K., and Kujari, H. (1992). Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh.) 126, 184–185.
Hofland, L. J., Breeman, W. A., Krenning, E. P., et al. (1999). Proc. Assoc. Am. Physicians 111, 63–69.
Janson, E. T., Westlin, J. E., Ohrvall, U., Oberg, K., and Lukinius, A. (2000). J. Nucl. Med. 41, 1514–1518.
Slooter, G. D., Breeman, W. A., Marquet, R. L., Krenning, E. P., and van Eijck, C. H. (1999). Int. J. Cancer 81, 767–771.
Krenning, E. P., Valkema, R., Kooij, P. P., et al. (1999). Ital. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 31(Suppl. 2), S219-S223.
de Jong, M., Breeman, W. A., Bernard, H. F., et al. (1999). Q. J. Nucl. Med. 43, 356–366.
McCarthy, K. E., Woltering, E. A., Espenan, G. D., Cronin, M., Maloney, T. J., and Anthony, L. B. (1998). Cancer J. Sci. Am. 4, 94–102.
Tiensuu, J. E., Eriksson, B., Oberg, K., et al. (1999). Acta Oncol. 38, 373–377.
Caplin, M. E., Mielcarek, W., Buscombe, J. R., et al. (2000). Nucl. Med. Commun. 21, 97–102.
McCarthy, K. E., Woltering, E. A., and Anthony, L. B. (2000). Q. J. Nucl. Med. 44, 88–95.
Valkema, R., de Jong, M., Bakker, W. H., et al. (2002). Semin. Nucl. Med. 32, 110–122.
Otte, A., Herrmann, R., Heppeler, A., et al. (1999). Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 26, 1439–1447.
Otte, A., Mueller-Brand, J., Dellas, S., Nitzsche, E. U., Herrmann, R., and Maecke, H. R. (1998). Lancet 351, 417,418.
Paganelli, G., Zoboli, S., Cremonesi, M., et al. (2001). Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 28, 426–434.
Paganelli, G., Zoboli, S., Cremonesi, M., Macke, H. R., and Chinol, M. (1999). Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 14, 477–483.
Smith, M. C., Liu, J., Chen, T., et al. (2000). Digestion 62 (Suppl. 1), 69–72.
Waldherr, C., Pless, M., Maecke, H. R., Haldemann, A., and Mueller-Brand, J. (2001). Ann. Oncol. 12, 941–945.
Kwekkeboom, D. J., Bakker, W. H., Kooij, P. P., et al. (2001). Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 28, 1319–1325.
Cybulla, M., Weiner, S. M., and Otte, A. (2001). Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 28, 1552–1554.
Benali, N., Cordelier, P., Calise, D., et al. (2000). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 9180–9185.
Kiaris, H., Schally, A. V., Nagy, A., Szepeshazi, K., Hebert, F., and Halmos, G. (2001). Eur. J. Cancer 37, 620–628.
Plonowski, A., Schally, A. V., Koppan, M., et al. (2001). Cancer 92, 1168–1176.
Plonowski, A., Schally, A. V., Nagy, A., Sun, B., and Halmos, G. (2002). Int. J. Oncol. 20, 397–402.
Plonowski, A., Schally, A. V., Nagy, A., Kiaris, H., Hebert, F., and Halmos, G. (2000). Cancer Res 60, 2996–3001.
Plonowski, A., Schally, A. V., Nagy, A., Sun, B., and Szepeshazi, K. (1999). Cancer Res. 59, 1947–1953.
Szepeshazi, K., Schally, A. V., Halmos, G., et al. (2001). Clin. Cancer Res. 7, 2854–2861.
Szepeshazi, K., Schally, A. V., Halmos, G., et al. (2002). Cancer Res. 62, 781–788.
Kwekkeboom, D. J., de Herder, W. W., and Krenning, E. P. (1999). J. Endocrinol. Invest. 22, 80–88.
Jenkins, S. A., Kynaston, H. G., Davies, N. D., Baxter, J. N., and Nott, D. M. (2001). Chemotherapy 47(Suppl. 2), 162–196.
Cascinu, S., Fedeli, A., Fedeli, S. L., and Catalano, G. (1992). Eur. J. Cancer 28, 482,483.
Cascinu, S., Fedeli, A., Fedeli, S. L., and Catalano, G. (1994). Oncology 51, 70–73.
Gebbia, V., Carreca, I., Testa, A., et al. (1993). Anticancer Drugs 4, 443–445.
Petrelli, N. J., Rodriguez-Bigas, M., Rustum, Y., Herrera, L., and Creaven, P. (1993). Cancer 72, 1543–1546.
Wadler, S., Haynes, H., and Wiernik, P. H. (1995). J. Clin. Oncol. 13, 222–226.
Fried, M. (1999). Digestion 60(Suppl. 2), 42–46.
Baillie-Johnson, H. R. (1996). Anticancer Drugs 7(Suppl. 1), 11–15.
Farthing, M. J. (1996). Digestion 57(Suppl. 1), 107–113.
Harris, A. G., O’Dorisio, T. M., Woltering, E. A., et al. (1995). Dig. Dis. Sci. 40, 1464–1473.
Kotler, D. P. (1995). Gastroenterology 108, 1939–1941.
Simon, D. M., Cello, J. P., Valenzuela, J., et al. (1995). Gastroenterology 108, 1753–1760.
Montaner, J. S. and Harris, A. G. (1995). AIDS 9, 209,210.
Garcia Compeàn, D., Ramos Jimenez, J., Guzman de la Garzà, F., et al. (1994). AIDS 8, 1563–1567.
Farthing, M. J. (1994). Gut 35, S5-S10.
Scarpignato, C. and Pelosini, I. (1999). Digestion 60(Suppl. 3), 1–16.
Barrioz, T., Borderie, C., Strock, P., et al. (1998). Dig. Dis. Sci. 43, 1566–1571.
Allgaier, H. P., Becker, G., and Blum, H. E. (2000). Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 125, 320.
Khoo, D., Hall, E., Motson, R., Riley, J., Denman, K., and Waxman, J. (1994). Eur. J. Cancer 30A, 28–30.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
de Herder, W.W., Lamberts, S.W.J. Somatostatin analog therapy in treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and tumors. Endocr 20, 285–290 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1385/ENDO:20:3:285
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/ENDO:20:3:285