Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Long-term results of growth hormone therapy in turner syndrome

  • Published:
Endocrine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Short stature is one of the main features of Turner syndrome. Today, most patients are treated with growth hormone (GH) to improve adult height. We have reviewed the literature reporting adult height in patients with Turner syndrome treated with GH alone or in combination with oxandrolone. The reported adult heights as well as the height gain over projected or predicted height are still preliminary and vary considerably among studies. There is some evidence that the age of onset of therapy, dose of GH, duration of GH therapy, target height, time of estrogen substitution, or concurrent treatment with oxandrolone affect adult height. The reported height gains over projected height range from −0.20 to +16.0 cm (median: 5.1 cm) in patients treated with GH and from +0.68 cm to +10.3 (median: 6.40 cm) in patients treated with GH and oxandrolone. Thus, the presently available data are extremely varied and need further detailed analysis after all ongoing clinical trials have published the final results of all patients included in the study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Butenandt, O. (1980). Klin. Wochenschr. 58, 99–101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tanner, J. M., Whitehouse, R. H., Hughes, P. C. R., and Vince, F. P. (1971). Arch. Dis. Child. 46, 745–782.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Joss, E. E. and Zuppinger, K. A. (1984). Acta Paediatr. Scand. 73, 174–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Naeraa, R. W., Nielsen, J., Pedersen, I. J., and Sorensen, K. (1990), Acta Paediatr. Scand. 79, 784–789.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Moore, D. C., Tattoni, D. S., Ruvalcaba, R. H. A., Limbeck, G. A., and Kelley, V. C. (1977). J. Pediatr. 90, 462–466.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Urban, M. D., Lee, P. A., Dorst, J. P., Plotnick, L. P., and Migeon, C. J. (1979). J. Pediatr. 94, 823–827.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lev-Ran. (1977). Am. J. Dis. Child. 131, 648,649.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Attanasio, A., James, D., Reinhardt, R., and Rekers-Momberg, L. (1995). Horm Res. 43, 147–149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Betts, P. R., Butler, G. E., Donaldson, M. D. C., Dunger, D. B., Johnston, D. I., Kelnar, C. H. J., Kirk, J., Price, D. A., Wilton, P., and the UK KIGS Executive Group on behalf of the participating centres. (1999). Arch. Dis. Child. 80, 221–225.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Broeck, van den, J., Massa, G. G., Attanasio, A., Martrange, A., Chaussain, J.-L., Price, D. A., Aaarskog, D., Wit, J.-M., and the European Study Group. (1995). J. Pediatr. 127, 729–735.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Cacciari, E., Mazzanti, L., and the Italian Study Group for Turner Syndrome. (1998). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 4510–4515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Canadian growth hormone advisory committee. (1998). Horm. Res. 50(Suppl. 3), 25.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Carel, J. D., Mathivon, L., Gendrel, C., Ducret, J. P., and Chaussain, J.-L. (1998). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83, 1462–1466.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chernausek, S. D., Attie, K. M., Cara, J. F., Rosenfeld, R. G., Frane, J., and The Geneentech. Inc., Collaborative Study Group. (2000). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 2439–2445.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chu, C. E., Paterson, W. F., Kelnar, C. J. H., Smail, P. J., Greene, S. A., and Donaldson, M. D. C. (1997). Acta Paediatr. 86, 160–164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dacou-Voutetakis, C., Karavanaki-Karanassiou, K., Petrou, V., Georgopoulos, N., Maniati-Christidi, M., and Mavrou, A. (1998). Pediatrics 101, 663–668.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hauessler, G., Schmitt, K., Blümel, P., Plöchl, E., Waldhör, T. H., and Frisch, H. (1996). Acta Paediatr. 85, 1408–1414.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hochberg, Z. and Zadik, Z. (1998). Eur. J. Endocrinol. 141, 218–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Massa, G., Otten, B. J., de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, S. M. P. F., Delamarre van de Waal, H. A., Jansen, M., Vulsma, T., Oostdijk, W., Waelkens, J. J., and Wit, J. M., for the Dutch Growth Hormone Working Group. (1995). Horm. Res. 43, 144–146.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Nilsson, K. O., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Alm, J., et al. (1996). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81, 635–640.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Plotnick, L., Attie, K., Blethen, S., and Spy, J. P. (1998). Pediatrics 102, 479–481.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Rosenfeld, R., Attie, K. M., Frane, J., Brasel, J. A., Burstein, S., Cara, J. F., Chernausek, S., Gotlin, R. W., Kuntze, J., Lippe, B. M., Mahoney, C. P., Moore, W. V., Saenger, P., and Johnason, A. J. (1998). J. Pediatr. 132, 319–324.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sas, T. C. J., de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, S. M. P. F., and Stijnen, T., et al. (1999). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 4607–4612.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sas, T. C. J., de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, S. M. P. F., and Stijnen, T. (1999). Arch. Dis. Child. 80, 36–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Sas, T. C. J., Gerver, W.-J. M., de Bruin, R., Stijnen, T., de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, S. M. P. F., Cole, T. J., van Teunenbroek, A., and Drop, S. L. S. (1999). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 4622–4628.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Stahnke, N., Keller, E., and Landy, H. J. Ped. Endo. Metab., to be published.

  27. Taback, S. P., Collu, R., Deal, C. L., Guyda, H. J., Salisbury, S., Dean, H. J., and van Vliet, G. (1996). Lancet 348, 25–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Takano, K., Ogawa, M., Tanaka, T., Tachibana, K., Fujita, K., Hizuka, N., and The Members of the Committee for the Treatment of Turner's Syndrome. (1997). Eur. J. Endocrinol. 137, 138–145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Guyda, H. (1999). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 4307–4316.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Raiti, S., Moore, W. V., van Vliet, G., and Kaplan, S. L. (1986). J. Pediatr. 109, 944–949.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Buchanan, C. R., Law, C. M., and Milner, R. D. G. (1987). Arch. Dis. Child. 62, 912–916.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Rongen-Westerlaken, C., Wit, J. M., de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, S. M. P. F., et al. (1992). Eur. J. Pediatr. 151, 477–481.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Rosenfeld, R., Frane, J., Attie, K. M., Brasel, J. A., Burstein, S., Cara, J. F., Chernausek, S., Gotlin, R. W., Kuntze, J., Lippe, B. M., Mahoney, C. P., Moore, W. V., Saenger, P., and Johnason, A. J. (1992), J. Pediatr. 121, 49–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Naeraa, R. W., Nielsen, J., and Kastrup, K. W. (1994). Eur. J. Pediatr. 153, 72–77.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ross, J. L. and Cutler, G. B. In: Turner Syndrome. Rosenfeld, R. G. and Grumbach, M. M. (eds.) Marcel Dekker: New York.

  36. Vanderschueren-Lodeweyckx, M., Massa, G., Maes, M., Craen, M., van Vliet, G., Heinrichs, C., and Malvaux, P. (1990). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 70, 122–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Donaldson, M. D. C. (1997). Horm. Res. 48(Suppl. 5), 35–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Ranke, M. B., Pfluger, H., Rosendahl, W., Stubbe, P., Enders, H., Bierich, J. R., and Majewski, F. (1983). Eur. J. Pediatr. 141, 81–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Lyon, A. J., Preece, M. A., Grant, D. B. (1985). Arch. Dis. Child. 60, 932–935.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Prader, A., Largo, R. H., Molinari, L., and Issler, C. (1989). Helv. Paediatr. Acta 52(Suppl.), 1–125.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Fredriks, A. M., van Buuren, S., Burgmeijer, R. J. F., Meulmeester, J. F., Beuker, R. J., Brugman, E., Roede, M. J., Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P., and Wit, J.-M. (2000). Pediatr. Res. 47, 316–323.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Rochiccioli, P., David, M., and Malpuech, G., et al. (1994). Acta Paediatr. 83, 305–308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Rongen-Westerlaken, C., Corel, L., van den Broeck, J., Massa, G., Karlberg, J., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Naeraa, R. W., and Wit, J. M. (1997). Acta Paediatr. 86, 937–942.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Brook, C. G. D., Mürset, G., Zachmann, M., and Prader, A. (1974). Arch. Dis. Child. 49, 789–795.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Brämswig, J. H. (1997). Eur. J. Endocrinol. 137, 446–447.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Teunenbroek, A., Stijnen, T., and Otten, B. (1996), Acta Paediatr. 85, 413–420.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Bayley, N. and Pinneau, S. R. (1952). J. Pediatr. 41, 423–441.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Roede, M. J. and Wieringen, J. C. (1985). Tijdschr. Soc. Gezondh. 63(Suppl.), 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Tanner, J. M. (1962). Growth at adolescence. 2nd ed., Blackwell: Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Bernasconi, S., Larizza, D., Benso, L., Volta, C., Vanelli, S., and Milani, S., on behalf of the Italian Study Group for Turner Syndrome. (1994). Acta Paediatr. 83, 292–298.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Karlberg, J., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Naeraa, R. W., Rongen-Westerlaken, C., and Wit, J. M., in collaboration with the Swedish and Dutch Study Group for GH Treatment. In: Basic and clinical approach to Turner syndrome. Hibi, I. and Takano, K., (eds). Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam.

  52. Haeussler, G., Schemper, M., Frisch, H., Blümel, P., Schmitt, K., and Plöchl, E. (1992). Eur. J. Pediatr. 151, 283–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Albert Schweitzerstrasse 33, D 48129, Münster, Germany

    J. H. Bramswig

Authors
  1. J. H. Bramswig
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. H. Bramswig.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bramswig, J.H. Long-term results of growth hormone therapy in turner syndrome. Endocr 15, 5–13 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1385/ENDO:15:1:005

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/ENDO:15:1:005

Key Words

Search

Navigation