Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is administered for various indications and generally considered a safe therapy. Most of the adverse effects (AEs) associated with IVIg administration are mild and transient. The immediate AEs include headache, flushing, malaise, chest tightness, fever, chills, myalgia, fatigue, dyspnea, back pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blood pressure changes, tachycardia, and anaphylactic reactions, especially in IgA-deficient patients. Late AEs are rare and include acute renal failure, thromboembolic events, aseptic meningitis, neutropenia, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, skin reactions, and rare events of arthritis. Pseudohyponatremia following IVIg is important to be recognized. Renal failure, usually oliguric and transient, occurs mostly on using sucrose-containing products owing to osmotic injury. Among high-risk patients who have a previous renal disease, dehydration, diabetes mellitus, advanced age, hypertension, hyperviscosity, or are treated by other nephrotoxic medications, administration of a non-sucrose-containing IVIg product after accomplishing hydration, in a low concentration and a slow infusion rate while supervising urine output and kidney function, is recommended. Thromboembolic complications occur because of hyperviscosity especially in patients having risk factors including advanced age, previous thromboembolic diseases, being bedridden, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or those receiving high-dose IVIg in a rapid infusion rate. Immediate AEs can be treated by the slowing or temporary discontinuation of the infusion and symptomatic therapy with analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, and glucocorticoids in more severe reactions. Slow infusion rate of low concentration of IVIg products and hydration, especially in high-risk patients, may prevent renal failure, thromboembolic events, and aseptic meningitis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Weisman, L. E. (1994), Isr J Med Sci 30, 459–463.
Bertorini, T. E., Nance, A. M., Horner, L. A., et al. (1996), Muscle Nerve 19, 388–391.
Brannagan, T. H., Nagle, K. J., Lange, D. J., et al. (1996), Neurology 47, 674–677.
Al Wahadneh, A. M., Khriesat, I.A., and Kuda, E. H. (2000), Saudi Med J 21, 953–956.
Sherer, Y., Levy, Y., Langevitz, P., et al. (2001), Pharmacology 62, 133–137.
Wittstock, M., Benecke, R., and Zettl, U. K. (2003), Eur Neurol 50, 172–175.
Colovic, M., Dimitrijevic, M., Sonnenberg, C., et al. (2003), Hematol J 4, 358–362.
Stangel, M., Kiefer, R., Pette, M., et al. (2003), J Neurol 250, 818–821.
Knezevic-Marmarica, I., and Kruskall, M. S. (2003), Transfusion 43, 1460–1480.
Pierce, L. R. and Jain, N. (2003), Transfus Med Rev 17, 241–251.
Aghamohammadi, A., Farhoudi, A., Nikzad, M., et al. (2004), Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 92, 60–64.
Reutter, A. and Luger, T. A. (2004), Am J Clin Dermatol 5, 153–160.
Marinos, C. and Dalakas, M. C. (2004), Pharmacol Therapeut 102, 177–193.
Nydegger, U. E. and Sturzenegger, M. (1999), Drug Safety 21, 171–185.
Kazatchkine, M. D. and Kaveri, S, V. (2001), N Engl J Med 345, 747–755.
Salama, A., Temmesfeld, B., Hippenstiel, S., et al. (2004), Transfusion 44, 509–511.
NIH Consensus Conference. (1990), JAMA 264, 3189–3193.
Orbach, H., Tishler, M., and Shoenfeld, Y. (2004), Semin Arthritis Rheum 34, 593–601.
Windrum, P., Bharucha, C., and Desai, Z. R. (1998), Br J Haematol 101, 592.
McColl, M. D., Omran, A., Walker, I. D., et al. (1999), Haemophilia 5, 124–126.
Khalil, M., Shin, H. J., Tan, A., et al. (2000), Acta Cytol 44, 86–90.
Bassilios, N., Mercadal, L., and Deray, G. (2001) Nephrol Dial Transplant 16, 1513–1514.
Akhtar, I. and Bastani, B. (2003), Ann Intern Med 139, W65.
Chapman, S., Glikerson, K. L., Davin, T. D., et al. (2004), Ann Pharmacother 38, 2059–2067.
Renal insufficiency and failure associated with immune globulin intravenous therapy—United States, 1985–1998. (1999), MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 48, 518–522.
Gras, V., Andrejak, M., and Decocq, G. (1999) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safety 8, S73-S78.
Epstein, J. S., Gaines, A., Kapit, R., et al. (summer 1999), FDA Med Bull.
Yerba, M., Barrios, Y., Rincon, J., et al. (2002), Clin Exp Rheumatol 20, 225–227.
Shoenfeld, Y. and Krause, I. (2004), J Clin Immunol 24, 107–114.
Katz, U. and Shoenfeld, Y. (2005), Lupus in press.
Durand, J. M., Lefevre, P., Kaplanski, G., Retornaz, F., Cretel, E. and Soubeyrand, J. (1993), Am J Hematol 44, 214–215.
Oh, K. T., Boldt, H. C., and Danis, R. P. (1997), Am J Ophthalmol 124, 416–418.
Rosenbaum, J.T. (1997), Arthritis Rheum 40, 1732–1733.
Go, R.S. and Call, T. G. (2000), Mayo Clin Proc 75, 83–85.
Turner, B. and Wills, A. J. (2000), J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 68, 790–791.
Elkayam, O., Paran, D., Milo, R., et al. (2000), Ann Rheum Dis 59, 77–80.
Emerson, G. G., Herndon, C. N., and Sreih, A.G. (2002), Pharmacotherapy 22, 1638–1641.
Katz, K. A., Hivnor, C. M., Geist, D. E., et al. (2003), Arch Dermatol 139, 991–993.
Zaidan, R., Al Moallem, M., Wani, B. A., et al. (2003), Eur J Neurol 10, 367–372.
Evangelou, N., Littlewood, T., Ansow, P., and Chapel, H. (2003), J Clin Pathol 56, 308–309.
Okuda, D., Flaster, M., Frey, J., and Sivakumar, K. (2003), Neurology 60, 1825–1826.
Brown, H. C. and Ballas, Z. K. (2003), J Allergy Clin Immunol 112, 797–799.
Sheehan, D. J. and Lesher, J. L. Jr. (2004), Cutis 73, 403–406.
Vucic, S., Chong, P. S., Dawson, K. T., et al. (2004), Eur Neurol 52, 141–144.
Caress, J. B., Cartwright, M. S., Donofrio, P. D., et al. (2003), Neurology 60, 1822–1824.
Dalakas, M. C. and Clark, W. M. (2003), Neurology 60, 1736–1737.
Reinhart, W.H. and Berchtold, P. E. (1992), Lancet 339, 662–664.
Dalakas, M. C. (1994), Neurology 44, 223–226.
Steinberger, B A., Ford, S. M., and Coleman, T.A. (2003), Am J Hematol 73, 97–100.
Sequl, E. A., Cupler, E. J., and Dalakas, M. C. (1994), Ann Intern Med 121, 259–262.
Nettis, E., Calogiuri, G., Colandari, M. C., et al. (2003), Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord 3, 143–149.
Jolles, S., Sewell, W. A., and Leighton, C. (2000) Drug Safety 22, 215–226.
Matsuda, M., Hosoda, W., Sekijima, Y., et al. (2003), Clin Neuropharmacol 6, 306–311.
Kessary-Shoham, H., Levy, Y., Shoenfeld, Y., et al. (1999), J Autoimmun 13, 129–135.
Nakagawa, M., Watanabe, N., Okuno, M., et al. (2000), Am J Hematol 63, 160–161.
Miyamae, T., Kurosawa, R., Mori, M., et al. (2004), Med Rheumatol 14, 314–319.
Barbaud, A., Trechot, P., Granel, F., et al. (1999), Dermatology 199, 258–260.
Lawn, N., Wijdicks, E. F. M., and Buritt, M. F. (1998), N Engl J Med 339, 632.
Rizk, A., Gorson, K. C., Kenney, L., et al. (2001), Transfusion 41, 264–268.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Orbach, H., Katz, U., Sherer, Y. et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol 29, 173–184 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1385/CRIAI:29:3:173
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/CRIAI:29:3:173