Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Autoimmunity

Thoughts for the millenium

  • Published:
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St. Clair EW, Parks CG, Gilkeson, GS. Arth Rheum 1998; 41:1714–1724.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Berking C, Hobbs MV, Chatelain R, Meurer M, Bell SA. Toxicol Appl, Pharmacol 1998; 148:222–228.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. D'Haens GR, Geboes K, Peeters M, Baert F, Penninckx F, Rutgeerts P. Gastroenterology 1998; 114:262–267.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Fiocchi C. Gastroenterology 1998; 115:182–205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Farr AF, Rudensky A. J Exp Med 1998; 188:1–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Klein, L, Klein T, Ruther U, Kyewski B. J Exp Med 1998; 188:5–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. French MB, Allison J, Cram DS. Diabetes 1987; 46:34–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Mackay CR. Curr Opin Immunol 1993; 5:423–427.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Quill J. J Immunol 1996; 156:1325–1327.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bretscher P, Cohn M. Science 1970; 169:1042–1049.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lafferty KJ, Cunningham A. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 1975; 53:27–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Greenfield EA, Nguyen KA, Kuchroo VK. Crit Rev Immunol 1998; 18:389–418.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hammond KJL, Poulton LD, Palmisano, LJ, Silveira PA, Godfrey DI, Baxter AG. J Exp Med 1998; 187;1047–1056.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Van Parijs L, Abbas AK. Science 1998; 280:243–248.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Granville D, Carthy CM, Hunt DWE, McManus BM. Lab Invest 1998; 78:893–913.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Green DR, Reed JG. Science 1998; 281:1309–1312.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Utz PJ, Anderson P. Arth Rheum 1998; 41:1152–1160.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mauricio D, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Diabetes 1998; 47:1537–1543.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Arscott PL, Baker, JR. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 87:207–217.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Vaishnaw AK, McNally JD, Elkon KB. Arth Rheum 1997; 40:1917–1927.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Barnaba V, Sinigaglea F. J Exp Med 1997; 185:1529–1531.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Degli Esposti M, Mackay IR. Diabetologia 1997; 40:352–356.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kobayashi T, Oka Y, Katagivi H, Falorni A, Kasuga A, Takei I, et al. Diabetologia 1996; 39:1196–1200.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Vreugdenhil GR, Geluk A, Ottenhoff TH, Melchers WJ, Roep BO, Galama JM. Diabetologia 1998; 41:40–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hemmer B, Bergelli, M, Pinilla C, Houghton R, Marlen R. Immunol Today 1998; 19:163–168.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hammar J, Sturniolo T, Sinigaglia F. Adv Immunol 1997; 66:67–100.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Benoist C, Mathis D. Cell, 1997; 89:1–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Schwartz RS. New Engl J Med 1998; 339:1076–1078.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Adams DH, Lloyd AR. Lancet 1997; 349:490–495.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Romagnani S. Immunol Today 1997: 18:263–266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A, Mackay CR. Immunol Today 1998; 19:568–574.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Vladutiu AO, Rose NR. Science 1971; 174:1137–1139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Bacon LD, Kite JH Jr, Rose NR. Science 1974; 186, 274, 275.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Wakeland EK, Morel L, Mohan C, Yui M. J. Clin Immunol 1997; 17:272–281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Nagamine K, Peterson P, Scott HS. Nature Genetics 1997; 17:393–398.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Rose NR, Bacon LD, Sundick RS. Transplant Rev 1976; 31:264–285.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Wick G, Hala K, Wolf H, Ziemiecki A, Sundick RS, Stoffler-Meilicke M, DeBaets M. Immunol Rev 1986; 94:113–136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Boitard C, Larger E, Timsit J, Bach J-F. Diabetologia 1994; 37(suppl 2): S90-S98.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Barlow AK, Janeway C, Jr. J Exp Med 1998; 187:1403–1415.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kong YM, David CS, Giraldo AA, ElRehewy M, Rose NR. J Immunol 123:15–18.

  41. Mackay IR, Rose NR. The Autoimmune Diseases, 3rd ed., 1998, pp. 849–872.

  42. Slattery RM, Miller JFAP (1996). Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1996: 206:51–66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Horton V, Stratton I, Bottazzo F, Shattock M, Mackay IR, Zimmet P, et al. (UK Prospective Diabetes Study [UKPDS] Groups) Diabetologia 199; 42:608–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Whittingham SF, Mackay IR. Postgrad Med J 1972; 48:95–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Okayasu I, Hara Y, Nakamura K, Rose NR. Am J Clin Pathol 1994; 101:698–702.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Posner JB, Dalmau J. Curr Opin Immunol 1997; 9:723–729.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Chataway J, Freakes R, Coraddee F. Brain 1998; 121:1869–1887.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Dahlen E, Dawe K, Ohlsson L, Hedlund G. J Immunol 1998; 160:3583–3593.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Matzinger P. Sem Immunol 1998; 10:399–415.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Dale JB, Beachey EH. J Exp Med 1986; 164:1785–1790.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kaplan MH, Dallenbach FD. J Exp Med 1961; 113:11–16.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Abu-Shakra M, Schoenfeld Y. Autoimmunity 1991; 9:334–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Khalil J, Curha-Neto E. Parasitol Today 1996; 12:396–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Kalden JR, Gay S. Clin Exp Immunol 1994; 98:1–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Behar SM, Porcelli SA. Arth Rheum 1995; 38:458–476.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Oldstone MBA. FASEB J 1998; 12:1255–1265.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Manns M, Obermayer-Straub P. Hepatology 1997; 26:1054–1066.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Neumann DA, Lane JR, Allen GS, Herskowitz A, Rose NR. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1993; 68:181–190.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Oldstone MBA. Scand J Immunol 1997; 46:320–325.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Davies J. Immunol Cell Biol 1997; 75:113–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Mamula MJ. Immunol Rev 1998; 164:231–239.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Hausmann S, Wucherpfennig KW. Curr Opin Immunol 1997; 9:831–838.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Coppel RL, Gershwin ME. Immunol Rev 1995; 144:17–49.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. McNeilage LJ, Macmillan EM, Whittingham SF. J Immunol 1990; 145:3829–3835.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Durinovic-Bello I. Autoimmunity 1998; 27:159–77.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Mamula MJ, Lin RH, Janeway Jr, CA, Hardin JA. J Immunol 1992; 149:789–795.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Mamula MJ. Immunol Rev 1995; 144:301–314.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Mitchie CA, Cohen J. Trends Microbiol 1998; 6:61–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Yoshida S, Gershwin ME. Sem Arth Rheum 1993; 22:399–419.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Griem P, Wulferink M, Sachs B, Gonzales JB, Gleichman E. Immunol Today 1998; 19:133–141.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St. Clair EW, Parks CG, Gilkeson GS. Arth Rheum 1998; 41:1714–1724.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Luppi P, Rossiello MR, Faas S, Trucco M. J Mol. Med 1995; 73:381–393.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Clarkson TW. Crit Rev Clin lab Sci 1997; 34:369–403.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Yoshida S, Gershwin ME. Sem Arth Rheum 1993; 22:399–419.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Pollard KM, Lee DK, Casiano CA, Bluthner M, Johnston MM, Tan EM J Immunol 1997; 158:3521–3528.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Kubicka-Muranyi M, Griem P, Lubben B, Rottmann N, Luhrmann R, Gleichmann E. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1995; 108:1–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Chiang SY, Swenberg JA, Weisman WH, Skopek TR. Carcinogenesis 1997; 18:31–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Lernmark A. Crit Rev Immunol 1997; 17:437–447.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Veltman C, Lange CE, Juhe S, Stein G, Bachner V. Ann NY Acad Sci 1975; 246:6–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Clements, PJ, Furst DE, eds. (1996), Systemic Sclerosis. Williams & Wilkins.

  81. Nietert PJ. Arth Rheum 1998; 41:1111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Nash T, Allison AC, Harington JS. Nature 1996; 210:259–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Steenland K, Brown D. Am J Indust Med 1995; 27:217–229.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Koeger AC, Lang T, Alcaix D, Milleron B, Rozenberg S, Chaibi P, et al. Medicine 1995; 74:221–237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Brown LM, Gridley G, Olsen JH, Mellemkjaer L, Linet MS, Fraumeni JF, Jr. J Occup Env Med 1997; 39:633–638.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Wilke RA, Salisbury S, Abdel-Rahman E, Brazy PC. Nephrol Dialysis, Transplant 1996; 11:1835–1838.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Conrad K, Mehlhorn J, Leuthke K, Deorner T, Frank KH. Lupus 1996; 5: 62–69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Steenland K, Goldsmith DF. Am J Industrial Med 1995; 28:603–608.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Cojocaru M, Niculescu T, Spaetaru E. Romanian J Int Med 1995; 33:243–247.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Otsuki T, Sakaguchi H, Tomokuni A, Aikoh T, Matsuki T, Kawakami Y, et al. Immunology 1998; 94:258–262.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Rao TD, Frey AB. Immunologic Investigat 1998; 27:181–199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Giordano C, Stassi G, De Maria R, Todaro M, Richiusa P, Papoff G, et al. Science 1997; 275:960–963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Strater J, Moller P. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998 10:539–541.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Del Pozo V, de Andraes B, Gallardo S, Caardaba B, de Arruda-Chaves E, Cortegano, MI, et al. Toxicology 1997; 118:61–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Bell SA, Hobbs MV, Rubin RL. J Immunol 1992; 148:3369–3376.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, 3168, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    Ian R. Mackay

  2. Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 95616, Davis, CA

    Judy Van de Water & M. Eric Gershwin

Authors
  1. Ian R. Mackay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Judy Van de Water
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Eric Gershwin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mackay, I.R., Van de Water, J. & Gershwin, M.E. Autoimmunity. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol 18, 87–117 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1385/CRIAI:18:1:87

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/CRIAI:18:1:87

Keywords

Search

Navigation