Abstract
Considering the resemblances between Eu3+ and Ca2+ in their atomic radius and structures of the valence electron, the effects of Eu3+ on amaramthin synthesis in Amarathus caudatus seedling were studied. Eu3+ had both promoting and inhibiting effects on amaramthin synthesis. The optimum promoting concentration and half inhibiting concentration of Eu3+ to synthesis of amaranthin were 0.4 mmol/L and 2.5 mmol/L, respectively. In the dark, A23187 (ions carrier) could carry Eu3+ into cells through the Ca2+ channel. When Ca2+ was chelated with EGTA, the synthesis of amaranthin could be partly retrieved by Eu3+. Eu3+ treatment could also activate Ca2+-ATPase on plasma membrane. Moreover, the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of total proteins from the plants treated by Eu3+ and Ca2+ were similar but slightly different in the contents. It suggested that the effects of Eu3+ and Ca2+ on amaranthin synthesis were similar. After being treated by Eu3+ or Ca2+, the outside Ca2+ could enter into cells to promote synthesis of amaranthin. The results above indicated that Eu3+ might replace Ca2+ in the calcium/calmidulin-dependent phytochrome signal transduction system and play important roles in plant development by promoting calcium transportation across plasma membrane.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F. L. Zeng, M. F. Zhang, S. M. Zhou, J. G. Wu, and R. W. Deng, The effect lanthanide chloride on abscisci and electron-transport activity of some crops, Biol. Trace Element Res. 67(3), 277–284 (1999).
F. Zeng, Y. An, H. Zhang, and M. Zhang, The effect of La(III) on the peroxidation of membrane lipids in wheat seeding leaves under osmotic stress, Biol. Trace Element Res. 69(2), 141–150 (1999).
F. Zeng, Y. An, L. Ren, R. Deng, and M. F. Zhang, Effects of lanthanum and calcium on photoelectron transport activity and the related protein complexes in chloroplast of cucumber leaves, Biol. Trace Element Res. 77(1), 83–91 (2000).
F. L. Zeng, P. Shi, M. F. Zhang, and R. W. Deng, Effect of lanthanum on ion absorption in cucumber seedling leaves, Biol. Trace Element Res. 78(3), 265–270 (2000).
D. Alkon and H. Rasmussen, A spatial temporal model of cell activation, Science. 239(4843), 998–1005 (1998).
C. Bowler, G. Neuhaus, H. Yamagata and N. H. Chua, Cyclic GMP and calcium mediate phytochrome phototransduction, Cell. 77, 73–81 (1994).
P. H. Quail, M. T. Boylan, B. M. Parks, T. W. Short, Y. Xu and D. Wagner, Phytochromes: photosensory perception and signal transduction, Science. 268, 675–680 (1995).
L. G. Ma, J. L. Zhou D. Y. Sun Y. An and G. J. Cui, The Effect of calcium on the red light-regulated synthesis of Amaranthin in Amranthus caudatus, Chinese Science Bullettn. 40(10), 944–946 (1995) (in Chinese).
Z. Tong and B. Y. Liang, Photomodulated synthesis of Amaranthin in Amaranthus caudatus seedlings, Acta Phytopysiotogica Sincta. 15(1), 1–5 (1989) (in Chinese).
X. M. Wang, X. P. She P. Lei, L. He and M. X. Gui, Effects of inhibitors Ca2+ and CaM on the formation of Amaranthin in Amaranthin in Amaranthus caudatus seedling, Plant Physiology Communications. 28(3), 169–171 (1992) (in Chinese).
G. Neuhaus, C. Bowler, R. Kern and N. H. Chua, Calcium/calmodulin-dependent and independent phytochrome signal transduction pathways, Cell. 73(5), 937–952 (1993).
P. S. Shacklock, N. D. Read and A. J. Trewavas, Cytosolic free calcium mediates red light-induced photomorphogenesis, Nature. 358(6389), 753–755 (1992).
F. Wuytack, L. Raeymaekers, G. D. Schutter and R. Casteels, Demonstration of the phosphorylated intermediates of the Ca2+-transport ATPase in a microsomal fraction and in a (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase purified from smooth muscle by means of calmodulin affinity chromatography, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 693(1), 45–52 (1982).
K. S. Famulski, S. Pikula, A. B. Wojtczak and A. Wrzosek, The effect of Ca2+ and calmodulin on the inhibition of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in erythrocyte ghost membranes by nonpolar and polar carbodiimides, Cell Calcium. 11(4), 275–280 (1990).
X. Zhang, S. M. Fang, X. Chen and Y. X. Zhou, Studies of the effects of rare earth ions on the activity and CD of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase stimulated by calmodulin, Acta Biophysica Sinica. 15(2), 289–293 (1999) (in Chinese).
R. Bohme, J. Bumann, S. Aeckerle and D. Malchow, A high-affinity plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase in dictyostelium discoideum: its relation to cAMP-induced Ca2+ fluxes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 904(1), 125–130 (1987).
G. G. Xu, The progress of the research of the mechanism of CaM in heavy metal poisoning, Sanitation toxicology journal. 8(1), 45–46 (1994) (in Chinese).
W. D. Yang, J. H. Liu, T. Wang, H. Y. Lei, and Y. S. Yang, Effect of cerium nitrate on CaM I, PMCA1b and mRNA levels, J. Chin. Rare Earth Soc. 19(1), 71–74 (2001) (in Chinese).
Y. S. Yang, D. Y. Liu, J. Bai, and D. Y. Sun, Effect of lanthanide(III) on wheat seeding growth and its protein and calmodulin levels, Chin. Rare Earths. 18(2), 61–63 (1997) (in Chinese).
L. N. Hao and S. W. Yu, Preparation of sealed plasma membrane vesicles from barely roots and their activity in H+ and Ca2+ transport, Acta Phytophysiol. Sin. 18(4), 383–392 (1992).
M. M. Braford, A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Anal. Biochem. 72, 248–254 (1976).
J. P. Doucet and J. M. Trifaro, A discontinuous and highly porous sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel system of high resolution, Anal. Biochem. 168(2), 265–271 (1988).
The Centre Laboratory of Zhejiang Agriculture Academy of Sciences, Contents of Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu in plant using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Plant Physiol. Commun. 16(5), 56–59 (1980).
J. L. Zhou, L. G. Ma, and D. Y. Sun, Effect of G protein and cGMP on phytochrome-mediated amaranthin synthesis in Amarathus cadatus, Sci. China (C) 41(3), 232–237 (1998).
D. Y. Sun, Y. L. Guo, and L. G. Ma, Cell Signal Transduction, 2nd ed., Science, Beijing, pp. 91–127 (1998) (in Chinese).
L. G. Ma and D. Y. Sun, Advances in red light signal transduction research in plant cell, Chin. J. Cell Biol. 18(3), 115–121 (1996) (in Chinese).
F. L. Zeng, Y. An, and R. W. Deng, Distribution of rare earth element Eu in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cell measured using fluorescence methods, Acta Sci. Circumstantiae 19(3), 332–335 (1999).
W. H. Burgess, D. K. Jemiolo, and R. H. Kretsinger, Interaction of calcium and calmodulin in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 623(2), 257–258 (1980).
Y. Z. Cao, Plant Physiology, Lanzhou University Press, Lanzhou, pp. 315–328 (1998) (in Chinese).
S. W. Yu and Z. C. Tang, Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 2nd ed., Science, Beijing, pp. 633–653 (1999).
X. Chen, Y. X. Zhou, and Y. M. Xu, The effect of light rare earth ions (La3+) on the activity of phosphodiesterase stimulated by calmodulin, Acta Biophys. Sin. 12(3), 389–393 (1996) (in Chinese).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zeng, F., Tian, H.E., Wang, Z. et al. Effect of rare earth element europium on amaranthin synthesis in Amarathus caudatus seedlings. Biol Trace Elem Res 93, 271–282 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:93:1-3:271
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:93:1-3:271