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Biological Trace Element Research

, Volume 101, Issue 2, pp 117–132 | Cite as

Does mercury promote lipid peroxidation?

An in vitro study concerning mercury, copper, and iron in peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein
  • Kari Seppänen
  • Pasi Soininen
  • Jukka T. Salonen
  • Simo Lötjönen
  • Reino Laatikainen
Original Articles
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Abstract

In order to explore the observed association among mercury, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease, the effects of mercury, copper, and iron on the peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and on the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase and myeloperoxidase were investigated in vitro. On the basis of our nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, we conclude that mercury does not promote the direct nonenzymatic peroxidation of LDL, like copper and iron. In our enzyme measurements, mercury inhibited slightly myeloperoxidase, although not significantly in presence of LDL. Instead, inorganic mercury, but not methylmercury chloride, inhibited glutathione peroxidase effectively and copper event at 10 μmol/L, below physiological concentrations, doubled the inhibition rate. Copper and iron had no direct effect on glutathione peroxidase, but they both seem to activate production of HOCl by myeloperoxidase. We conclude here that, first, mercury and methylmercury do not promote direct lipid peroxidation, but that, second, a simultaneous exposure to high inorganic mercury, copper, and iron and low selenium concentrations can lead to a condition in which mercury promotes lipid peroxidations. This mechanism provides a plausible molecular-level explanation for the observed association between high body mercury content and atherosclerosis.

Index Entries

Mercury copper iron glutathione peroxidase myeloperoxidase lipid peroxidation low-density lipoprotein nuclear magnetic resonance atherosclerosis 
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Copyright information

© Humana Press Inc 2004

Authors and Affiliations

  • Kari Seppänen
    • 1
  • Pasi Soininen
    • 1
  • Jukka T. Salonen
    • 2
  • Simo Lötjönen
    • 1
  • Reino Laatikainen
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of ChemistryUniversity of KuopioKuopioFinland
  2. 2.Research Institute of Public HealthUniversity of KuopioKuopioFinland

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