Abstract
The literature contains few, if any, references to the use of sub-2 μm particles in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). In this study, the use of 1.8 μm particles in SFC is demonstrated, producing high efficiency chromatograms, less than 1 min long for each of a diverse range of solute families, including steroids, sulfonamides, profens, nucleic acids and xanthenes. Most of the solutes eluted from bare silica with surprisingly good peak shapes. The 3 × 100 mm column packed with 1.8 μm spherical silica particles, produced as many as 22,400 plates (80% of theoretical). Column head pressure did not exceed 410 bar and pressure drops did not exceed 240 bar, even at flows of 3 mL min−1, or modifier concentration as high as 65%. Such performance produced the fastest solvation based chromatography (LC–SFC) reported to date. The chromatographic hardware requirements are met by older (400 bar max.) LC equipment. The speeds observed exceed even ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), which requires dramatically higher pressure capability. Sub 2-μm particles appear suitable for routine use, employing common 400 bar LC equipment, only slightly modified to perform SFC, although faster detectors and smaller flow cells enhance performance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berger TA (1995) Packed column SFC. Royal Society of Chemistry, London
Pizarro C, Suárez-Iglesias O, Medina I, Bueno JL (2009) J Supercrit Fluids 48:1–8
Smith SA, Shenai V, Matthews MA (1990) J Supercrit Fluids 3:175–179
Funazukuri T, Kong CY, Kagei S (2003) J Supercrit Fluids 27:85–96
Mantell C, Rodríguez M, Martínez de la Ossa E (2004) J Supercrit Fluids 29: 165–173
Funazukuri T, Kong CY, Kagei S (2006) J Supercrit Fluids 38:201–210
Gere DR, Bored R, McManigill D (1982) Anal Chem 54:736–740
Gere DR (1983) Science 222:253–259
Bolanos B, Greig M, Ventura M, Ferrell W, Aurigemma CM, Li H, Quenzer TL, Tivel K, Bylund JKMR, Tran P, Pham C, Phillipson D (2004) Int J Mass Spectrosc 238:85–97
Berger TA, Berger BK, Majors RE (May, 2010) LC-GC on-line edition
González B, Calvar N, Gómez E, Domínguez A (2007) J Chem Thermo 39:1578–1588
Sih R, Dehghani F, Foster NR (2007) J Supercrit Fluids 41:148–157
Sih R, Dehgani F, Foster NR (2007) J Supercrit Fluids 41:148–157
Sih R, Armenti M, Mammucari M, Dehgani F, Foster NR (2008) J Supercrit Fluids 43:460–468
Sih R, Foster NR (2008) J Supercrit Fluids 47:233–239
Lacina O, Urbanova J, Poustka J, Hajslova J (2010) J Chromatogr A 1217:648–659
Gika HG, Theodoridis G, Extance J, Edge AM, Wilson ID (2008) J Chromatogr B 871:279–287
Guillarme D, Nguyen DY-T, Rudaz S, Veuthey J-L (2007) Eur J Pharm Biopharm 66:475–482
Ibáñez M, Guerrero C, Sancho JV, Hernández F (2009) J Chromatogr A 1216:2529–2539
Halász I, Endele R, Asshauer J (1975) J Chromatogr 112:37
Horváth C, Lin HJ (1978) J Chromatogr 149:43
de Villiers A, Lauer H, Szucs R, Goodall S, Sandra P (2006) J Chromatogr A 1113:84
Lestremau F, de Villiers A, Lynen F, Cooper A, Szucs R, Sandra P (2007) J Chromatogr A 1138:120
de Villiers A, Cabooter D, Lynenc F, Desmet G, Sandra P (2009) J Chromatogr A 1216:3270–3279
Berger TA, Fogleman K (2009) “The Peak” on-line edition (LG-GC North America)
Brunelli C, Dunkle M, Morris S, Sandra P (2009) Chromatogr Today, 5–8
Berger TB, Deye JF (1991) J Chromatogr Sci 29:390–395
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Berger, T.A. Demonstration of High Speeds with Low Pressure Drops Using 1.8 μm Particles in SFC. Chroma 72, 597–602 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-010-1699-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-010-1699-2