Abstract
A method for the analysis of the main non-aromatic organic acids in beer using capillary electrophoresis is presented. In this work, malic, citric, succinic, pyruvic, acetic and lactic acids are separated using a sodium hydrogen phosphate background electrolyte with direct detection mode with a diode array detector. The separation exhibits lower sensitivity than equivalent methods with indirect detection mode, however, the risk of co-migration with unknown compounds in beer matrixes is significantly reduced. This is due to (i) a higher efficiency (250,000–400,000 theoretical plates), (ii) a higher selectivity than any equivalent method using an indirect detection mode, and (iii) the possibility to monitor other wavelengths in parallel (260 nm for example) to check for possible co-migration with phenolic or benzoic acids. This was critical when working with beer samples as an unknown compound absorbing at 200 and 260 nm was detected in the neighbourhood of malic, citric and succinic acids. Such co-migration will not have been detected using single wavelength detection below 200 nm or indirect detection mode.
References
Hardwick WA (1994) The properties of beer. In: Hardwick WA (ed) Handbook of brewing. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 551–586
Cifuentes A (2006) Electrophoresis 27:283–303. doi:210.1002/elps.200500474
Klampfl CW (2007) Electrophoresis 28:3362–3378. doi:3310.1002/elps.200700159
Klampfl CW (1999) J. Agric Food Chem 47:987–990. doi:910.1021/jf9808168
Cortacero-Ramirez S, de Castro MHB, Segura-Carretero A, Cruces-Blanco C, Fernandez-Gutierrez A (2003) TrAC, Trends Anal Chem 22:440–455. doi:410.1016/s0165-9936(1003)00704-00700
Cortacero-Ramírez S, Segura-Carretero A, Hernáinz-Bermúdez de Castro M, Fernández-Gutiérrez A (2005) J Chromatogr A 1064:115–119. doi:110.1016/j.chroma.2004.1012.1029
Esteves VI, Lima SSF, Lima DLD, Duarte AC (2004) Anal Chim Acta 513:163–167. doi:110.1016/j.aca.2003.1012.1036
Gas B, Hruska V, Dittmann M, Bek F, Witt K (2007) J Sep Sci 30:1435–1445. doi:1410.1002/jssc.200600502
Ramautar R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ (2007) Anal Bioanal Chem 387:293–301. doi:210.1007/s00216-00006-00911-00216
Mato I, Huidobro JF, Simal-Lozano J, Sancho MT (2006) J Agric Food Chem 54:1541–1550. doi:1510.1021/jf051757i
Montanari L, Perretti G, Natella F, Guidi A, Fantozzi P (1999) Food Sci Technol Lebensm Wiss Technol 32:535–539. doi:510.1006/fstl.1999.0593
Saavedra L, Barbas C (2003) Electrophoresis 24:2235–2243. doi:2210.1002/elps.200305415
Mato I, Suárez-Luque S, Huidobro JF (2007) Food Chem 102:104–112. doi:110.1016/j.foodchem.2006.1005.1002
Horvath J, Dolnik V (2001) Electrophoresis 22:644–655. doi:610.1002/1522-2683(200102)200122:200104<200644:AID-ELPS200644>200103.200100.CO;200102-200103
Erny GL, Bergström ET, Goodall DM (2002) J Chromatogr A 959:229–239. doi:210.1016/S0021-9673(1002)00454-00455
Kenndler E (1998) Theory of capillary zone electrophoresis. In: Khaledi MG (ed) High-performance capillary electrophoresis: theory, techniques, and applications. Wiley, New York, pp 25–76
Dolan JW (2006) LC GC Europe 19:1–4
Miller JN, Miller JC (2000) Calibration methods in instrumental analysis: regression and correlation. In: Statistics and chemometrics for analytical chemistry. Prentice Hall, Harlow, pp 107–150
Kartsova LA, Bessonova EA (2009) J Anal Chem 64:326–337. doi:310.1134/s1061934809040029
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) with the research project POCTI/CTA/48059/2002. GLE thanks FCT for a postdoctoral grant (FCT SFRH/BPD/30548/2006). JR acknowledges grant funding from FCT (FCT SFRH/BD/31056/2006).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Erny, G.L., Rodrigues, J.E.A., Gil, A.M. et al. Analysis of Non-Aromatic Organic Acids in Beer by CE and Direct Detection Mode with Diode Array Detection. Chroma 70, 1737–1742 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1377-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1377-4