Skip to main content
Log in

Simultaneous Determination of Benzodiazepines and Ketamine from Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Beverages by GC-MS in Drug Facilitated Crimes

  • Limited Short Communication
  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 06 November 2009

Abstract

A GC-MS method with HP-5MS capillary column was developed for the simultaneous determination of underivatized flunitrazepam, clonazepam, alprazolam, diazepam and ketamine from drinks by extraction with chloroform: isopropanol 1:1 (v/v). All linearity ranges were between 50 and 1,000 μg mL−1 for all compounds both in beer and in peach juice. Limit of detection was between 1.3 and 34.2 μg mL−1, limit of quantification was between 3.9 and 103.8 μg mL−1, the range of recoveries was 73.0 and 112.6% for all drugs in both beverages. The reported method was sensitive, rapid, and suitable for the analysis of the spiked drinks as evidence of sexual assault and robbery phenomena.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

References

  1. Negrusz A, Gaensslen RE (2003) Anal Bioanal Chem 376:1192–1197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Cheze M, Villain M, Pepin G (2004) Forensic Sci Int 145:123–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kintz P, Villain M, Cirimele V, Pepin G, Ludes B (2004) Forensic Sci Int 145:131–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ghosh P, Reddy MMK, Ramteke VB, Rao BS (2004) Anal Chim Acta 508:31–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. LeBeau MA, Mozayani A (2001) Collection of evidence from DFSA. In: LeBeau MA, Mozayani A (eds) Drug-facilitated sexual assault (A forensic handbook). Academic Press, San Diego, pp 197–202

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chapouthier G, Venault P (2004) Med Chem Rev 1:91–99

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. NIDA Community Drug Alert Bulletine Club Drugs (2004) http://165.112.78.61/ClubAlert/ClubdrugAlert.html.2002. Accessed 7 January 2004

  8. Sadove MS, Shulman M, Hatano S, Fevold N (1971) Anesth Analg 50:452–457

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bermúdes-Saldaña JM, Quiñones-Torrelo C, Sagrado S, Medina-Hernández MJ (2002) Chromatographia 56:299–306

    Google Scholar 

  10. Drummer OH (1998) J Chromatogr B 713:201–225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Acikkol M, Barlas BD, Rollas S (1991) Pharmazie 46 H6:461–462

    Google Scholar 

  12. Podkowik BI, Masur S (1996) J Chromatogr B 681:405–411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Needleman SB, Porvaznik M (1995) Forensic Sci Int 73:49–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Song DM, Zhang S, Kohlhof K (1994) J Chromatogr B 658:142–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. De Olivera MH, Queiroz MEC, Carvalho D, Silva SM, Lanças FM (2005) Chromatographia 62:215–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bernal JL, Nozal del MJ, Rosas V, Villarino A (1994) Chromatographia 38:617–623

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chen YC, Hu A (1997) Forensic Sci Int 103:79–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Bishop SC, Lerch M, McCord BR (2004) Forensic Sci Int 141:7–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Webb R, Doble P, Dawson M (2007) Electrophoresis 28:3553–3565

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bishop SC, Lerch M, McCord BR (2007) J Chromatogr A 1154:481–484

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Honeychurch KC, Hart JP (2008) J Solid Electrochem 12:1317–1324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Beynon CM, Sumnall HR, McVeigh J, Cole JC, Bellis MA (2006) Addiction 101:1413–1420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bramley RK, Bullock DG, Garcia JR (2005) Quality control and Assessment. In: Moffat AC, Osselton MD, Widdop B (eds) Clarke’s analysis of drugs and poisons. Pharmaceutical Press, London, pp 161–172

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Research Fund of the University of Istanbul. Project number: UDP-378/26082004. We wish to thank the Chairman of the Council of Forensic Medicine in Turkey, Dr. Keramettin Kurt.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Munevver Acikkol.

Additional information

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1396-1

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Acikkol, M., Mercan, S. & Karadayi, S. Simultaneous Determination of Benzodiazepines and Ketamine from Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Beverages by GC-MS in Drug Facilitated Crimes. Chroma 70, 1295–1298 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1278-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1278-6

Keywords

Navigation