Abstract
A simple, specific and sensitive liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the assay of ketorolac in human plasma and urine. The clean-up of plasma and urine samples were carried out by protein precipitation procedure and liquid–liquid extraction, respectively. Separation was performed by a Waters sunfire C18 reversed-phase column maintained at 35 °C. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH adjusted to 4.5 for plasma samples and to 3.5 for urine samples) and acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. The UV detector was set at 315 nm. Nevirapine was used as an internal standard in the assay of urine sample. The method was validated over the concentration range of 0.05–8 and 0.1–10 μg mL−1 for ketorolac in human plasma and urine, respectively. The limits of detection were 0.02 and 0.04 μg mL−1 for plasma and urine estimation at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The limits of quantification were 0.05 and 0.1 μg mL−1 for plasma and urine, respectively. The extraction recoveries were found to be 99.3 ± 4.2 and 80.3 ± 3.7% for plasma and urine, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day standard deviations were less than 0.5. The method indicated good performance in terms of specificity, linearity, detection and quantification limits, precision and accuracy. This assay demonstrated to be applicable for clinical pharmacokinetic studies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Orlandini S, Fanali S, Furlanetto S, Marras AM, Pinzauti S (2004) J Chromatogr A 1032:253–263. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.110
Mroszczak EJ, Lee FW, Combs D, Sarnquist FH, Huang BL, Wu AT (1987) Drug Metab Dispos 15:618–626
Jones DJ, Bjorksten AR (1994) J Chromatogr B 661:165–167. doi:10.1016/0378-4347(94)00333-5
Wu AT, Massey IJ (1990) J Chromatogr B 534:241–246. doi:10.1016/S0378-4347(00)82169-6
Mills MH, Mather LE, Gu XS, Huang JL (1994) J Chromatogr B 658:177–182. doi:10.1016/0378-4347(94)00228-2
Tsina I, Tam YL, Boyd A, Rocha C, Massey I, Tarnowski T (1996) J Pharm Biomed Anal 15:403–417. doi:10.1016/S0731-7085(96)01856-0
Wang Z, Dsida RM, Avram MJ (2001) J Chromatogr B 755:383–386. doi:10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00134-7
Kelm GR, Buchanan W, Meredith MP, Offenbacher S, Mankodi SM, Dobrozsi DJ (1996) J Pharm Sci 85:842–847. doi:10.1021/js9505253
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, F., Xu, G., Shang, B. et al. LC Determination of Ketorolac in Human Plasma and Urine for Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies. Chroma 69, 1421–1426 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1047-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1047-6