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Directly Suspended Droplet Three Liquid Phase Microextraction of Diclofenac Prior to LC

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Abstract

Directly suspended droplet liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction (LLLME) has been used to determine residues of diclofenac (2-[2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl) aminophenyl] ethanoic acid), in environmental water samples. In this technique a free suspended droplet of an aqueous solvent is delivered to the top-center position of an immiscible organic solvent floating on the top of an aqueous sample while being agitated by a stirring bar placed on the bottom of the sample cell. Recently, diclofenac was found as an environmental contaminant in sewage, surface, ground and drinking water samples. In the present work, diclofenac was extracted from water samples by LLLME and analysed by HPLC with UV detection at 281 nm. Factors such as organic solvent, extraction and back extraction times, stirring rate and the pH of acceptor and donor phases were optimized. Enrichment factor and detection limit (LOD, n = 7) were 102 and 0.1 μg L−1, respectively. The linearity ranged from 0.5 to 2,000 μg−1 with a %RSD (n = 5) of 7.2 at S/N = 3. All experiments were carried out at room temperature (22 ± 0.5 °C).

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran for financial support of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Ali Sarafraz-Yazdi & Farideh Mofazzeli

  2. Department of Chemistry, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran

    Farideh Mofazzeli

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

    Zarrin Es’haghi

  4. Biotechnology Research Center of Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran

    Ali Sarafraz-Yazdi & Zarrin Es’haghi

Authors
  1. Ali Sarafraz-Yazdi
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  2. Farideh Mofazzeli
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  3. Zarrin Es’haghi
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Sarafraz-Yazdi, A., Mofazzeli, F. & Es’haghi, Z. Directly Suspended Droplet Three Liquid Phase Microextraction of Diclofenac Prior to LC. Chroma 67, 49–53 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-007-0449-6

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