Abstract
A simple gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC–MS) method for the identification of components present in alkylsalicylaldoximes based metal extractants LIX860, LIX622, LIX622N, Acorga PT5050 and Acorga P5100 is described. These reagents have been developed for removing copper in hydrometallurgical processes. The extractants were analyzed by GC–MS in the Full Scan mode without any derivatization step. 5-Nonylsalicylaldoxime in the extractants LIX622N, Acorga PT5050 and Acorga P5100 and 5-dodecylsalicylaldoxime in the extractants LIX622 and LIX860 were found to be present as a mixture of alkyl isomeric compounds. The extractant Acorga P5100 also contains a large amount of p-nonylphenol isomers whereas LIX622, LIX622N and Acorga PT5050 contain tridecyl alcohol isomers. In addition, the presence of small amounts of alkylphenol isomers was detected in all LIX reagents. The GC–MS study has revealed that the major fragmentation ions of the alkylsalicylaldoximes can be classified into two types: the molecular ion less C n H2n+1 and the molecular ion less C n H2n+1 and water. Cleavage of the benzylic bond predominates, resulting in the base peak. The identified compounds have been classified in different types that show different base peaks and the possible structures of the alkyl groups based on the substitution of the alpha-carbon are proposed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yoshizuka K, Arita H, Baba Y, Inoue K (1990) Hydrometallurgy 23:247–261
Russel JH, Rickel RL (1990) Solvent Extr Ion Exch 8(6):855–873
Lazarova Z, Lazarova M (2005) Solvent Extr Ion Exch 23:695–711
Ocio A, Elizalde M (2006) Solvent Extr Ion Exch (in press)
Simpson J, Navarro P, Alguacil FJ (1996) Hydrometallurgy 42:13–20
Owusu G (1999) Hydrometallurgy 51:1–8
Rabah MA (2000) Hydrometallurgy 56:75–92
Sastre AM, Alguacil FJ (2001) Chem Eng J 81:109–112
Lazarova Z, Boyadzhiev L (1993) J Membr Sci 78:239–245
Valenzuela F, Basualto C, Sapag J, Tapia C (1997) Miner Eng 10(12):1421–1427
Vander Linden J, De Ketelaere RF (1998) J Membr Sci 139:125–135
Kakoi T, Goto M, Nakashio F (1999) Solvent Extr Res Dev Jpn 6:122–136
Valenzuela F, Aravena H, Basualto C, Sapag J, Tapia C (2000) Sep Sci Technol 35(9):1409–1421
Bogacki MB (1997) Solvent Extr Ion Exch 15(5):731–755
Sastre AM, Szymanowski J (2004) Solvent Extr Ion Exch 22(5):737–759
Majdan M, Sperline RP, Gu WG, Yu WH, Freiser H (1989) Solvent Extr Ion Exch 7(6):987–1005
Staniewski J, Szymanowski J (1990) J Chromatogr 503:442–448
Ocio A, Elizalde M, Prieto JA (2004) J Chromatogr A 1032:129–133
Szymanowski J (1993) Hydroxyoximes and copper hydrometallurgy. CRC, Boca Raton, p 3
Budzikiewicz H, Djerassi C, Williams DH (1967) Mass spectrometry of organic compounds. Holden-Day Inc, San Francisco, p 81
Wheeler TF, Heim JR, LaTorre MR, Janes AB (1997) J Chromatogr Sci 35:19–30
Olszanowski A, Krzyzanowska E (1994) Hydrometallurgy 35:79–89
Krzyzanowska E, Olszanowski A (1995) Hydrometallurgy 37:375–385
Olszanowski A, Krzyzanowska E, Alejski K (1997) J Chem Tech Biotechnol 68:236–242
Sperline RP, Song Y, Ma E, Freiser H (1998) Hydrometallurgy 50:23–38
Cheng CY, Hughes CA, Barnard KR, Larcombe K (2000) Hydrometallurgy 58:135–150
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the University of the Basque Country for the financial support (Project 00171310-E-15418/2003). A. Ocio is grateful for the fellowship provided by the Department of Education, Universities and Investigation of the Basque Government.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Menoyo, B., Ocio, A. & Elizalde, MP. Identification of Components of Commercial Alkylsalicylaldoxime Based Reagents by GC–MS. Chroma 65, 35–44 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-006-0116-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-006-0116-3