Abstract
Transmutation of nuclear waste is currently being considered to transform long-lived isotopes to species with relatively short half-lives and reduced radioactivity through capture and decay of minor actinides and fission products. This process is intended for geologic disposal of spent nuclear fuels for shorter durations in the proposed Yucca Mountain repository. The molten lead-bismuth-eutectic will be used as a target and coolant during transmutation, which will be contained in a subsystem vessel made from materials such as austenitic (304L) and martensitic (EP-823 and HT-9) stainless steels. The structural materials used in this vessel will be subjected to welding operations and plastic deformation during fabrication. The resultant residual stresses cannot be totally eliminated even by stress-relief operations. Destructive and nondestructive techniques have been used to evaluate residual stresses in the welded and cold-worked specimens. Results indicate that tensile residual stresses were generated at the fusion line of the welded specimens made from either austenitic or martensitic stainless steel, with reduced stresses away from this region. The magnitude of residual stress in the cold-worked specimens was enhanced at intermediate cold-reduction levels, showing tensile residual stresses in the austenitic material while exhibiting compressive stresses in the martensitic alloys. Comparative analyses of the resultant data obtained by different techniques revealed consistent stress patterns.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Keil, Experimental Determination of Residual Stresses with the Ring-Core Method and an Online Measuring System, Exp. Tech., Vol 16 (No. 5), 1992, p 17–24
K. Tanaka, Y. Akiniwa, and M. Hayashi, Residual Stress Evaluation by Neutron Diffraction Method, Mater. Sci. Res. Int., Vol 8 (No. 4), Dec 2002, p 165–174
R.P. Martukanitz and P.R. Howell, Neutron Diffraction Studies of Welds of Aerospace Aluminum Alloys, in Nondestructive Evaluation and Material Properties III, M.E. Hilley, ed., The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, p 89–95
Residual Stress Measurement by X-Ray Diffraction, SAE J784a, 2nd ed., Warrendale, PA, 1972
I.C. Ismail and J.B. Cohen, Residual Stress Measurement by Diffraction and Interpretation, Elsevier Science, Burlington, MA, 1987
F.A. Selim, D.P. Wells, J.F. Harmon, J. Kwofie, R. Spaulding, G. Erickson, and T. Roney, Bremsstrahlung-Induced Highly Penetrating Probes for Non-Destructive Assay and Defect Analysis, Nucl.Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, Vol 495 (No.2), 2002, p 154–160
P. Asoka-Kumar, K.G. Lynn, and D.O. Welch, Characterization of Defects in Si and SiO2-Si Using Positrons, J. Appl. Phys., Vol 76 (No. 9), 1994, p 4935–4982
P. Hautojarvi and A. Vehanen, Positrons in Solids, Springer Verlag, 1979, p 1–20
Z. Tan, W.B. Li, and B. Persson, On Analysis and Measurement of Residual Stresses in the Bending of Sheet Steels, Int. J. Mech. Sci., Vol 36 (No. 5), May 1994, p 483–491
D. Nowell, S. Tochilin, and D.A. Hills, Measurement of Residual Stresses in Beams and Plates Using the Crack Compliance Technique, J. Strain Analysis Eng. Design, Vol 35 (No. 4), Jul 2000, p 277–285
M.B. Prime, P. Rangaswamy, M.R. Daymond, and T.G. Abeln, Several Methods Applied to Measuring Residual Stress in a Known Specimen, Proceedings of the SEM Spring Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, June 1–3, 1998 (Houston), Society for Experimental Mechanics, 1998, p 497–499
M. Hayashi, S. Okido, Y. Morii, N. Minakawa, and J.H. Root, Residual Stress Measurements of Structural Components by Neutron Diffraction and Proposal of Measurement Standard, Mater. Sci. Forum, Vol 426–432 (No. 5), 2003, p 3969–3974
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Roy, A.K., Venkatesh, A., Marthandam, V. et al. Residual stress characterization in structural materials by destructive and nondestructive techniques. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 14, 203–211 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1361/10599490523346
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1361/10599490523346