Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ternary rare earth germanium systems with Cu and Ag—A review and a contribution to their assessment

  • Basic And Applied Research
  • Published:
Journal of Phase Equilibria

Abstract

Constitutional data of the R-(Ag, Cu)-Ge systems, with R=rare earth, are summarized and discussed. Crystal structures of the phases formed in the binary boundary systems and in the ternary systems are assessed, and the phase equilibria observed in the reported ternary systems are reviewed with special attention to the isothermal sections (generally at 400 or 600 °C) of the phase diagrams. Some regularities observed in the trends of the constitutional properties of the ternary R-(Ag, Cu)-Ge alloys are briefly described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C.C. Chao, H.L. Luo, and P. Duwez: “CsCl-Type Compounds in Binary Alloys of Rare-Earth Metals with Zinc and Copper,” J. Appl. Phys., 1964, 35, pp. 257–58.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. A.E. Dwight, R.A. Conner Jr., and J.W. Downey: “Crystal Structures of Compounds of the Rare Earths with Cu, Ag, Au, and Ga,” Proc. 5th Rare Earth Research Conference, Aug. 30–Sept. 1, Ames, IA, 1965, 5, pp. 35–44.

  3. R.E. Walline and W.E. Wallace: “Magnetic and Structural Characteristics of Lanthanide-Copper Compounds,” J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, pp. 604–07.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. E. Gebhardt and M. von Erdberg: “The Silver-Holmium System,” J. Less-Common Met., 1966, 11, pp. 141–47 (in German).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. D. Hohnke and E. Parthé: “AB Compounds with Sc, Y and Rare Earth Metals. II. FeB and CrB Type Structures of Monosilicides and Germanides,” Acta Crystallogr., 1966, 20, pp. 572–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. J.L. Moriarty, J.E. Humphreys, R.O. Gordon, and N.C. Baenziger: “X-ray Examination of Some Rare-Earth Containing Binary Alloy Systems,” Acta Crystallogr., 1966, 21, p. 840.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. A.G. Tharp, G.S. Smith, and Q. Johnson: “Structures of the Rare Earth Germanides at or Near Equiatomic Propertions,” Acta Crystallogr., 1966, 20, pp. 583–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. K.H.J. Buschow and J.F. Fast: “Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Some Rare Earth Germanides,” Physica Status Solidi, 1967, 21, pp. 593–600.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. W. Rieger and E. Parthé: “Ternary Alkaline Earth-and Rare Earth-Silicides and Germanides with AlB2-Structure,” Monatsh. Chem., 1969, 100, pp. 439–43 (in German).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. W. Rieger and E. Parthé: “Ternary Alkaline and Rare Earth Silicides and Germanides with ThCr2Si2 Structure,” Monatsh. Chem., 1969, 100, pp. 444–54 (in German).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. G. Hanel and H. Nowotny: “Silicides and Germanides with Gd6Cu8Ge8-Structure Type,” Monatsh. Chem., 1970, 101, pp. 463–68 (in German).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. K.A. Gschneidner Jr., O.D. McMasters, D.G. Alexander, and R.F. Venteicher: “Factors Influencing the Formation of Silver-Rich Solid Solutions in Rare Earth—Silver Alloy Systems,” Metall. Trans., 1970, 1, pp. 1961–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. O.D. McMasters, K.A. Gschneidner Jr., and R.F. Venteicher: “Crystallography of the Silver-Rich Rare Earth-Silver Intermetallic Compounds,” Acta Crystallogr., 1970, B 26, p. 1224.

    Google Scholar 

  14. W. Rieger: “Crystal Structure of Gd6Cu8Ge8 and of Isotypic Phases,” Monatsh. Chem., 1970, 101, pp. 449–62 (in German).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. J. Hornstra and K.H.J. Buschow: “The Crystal Structure of YbCu6.5,” J. Less-Common Met., 1972, 27, pp. 123–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. W.B. Pearson: The Crystal Chemistry and Physics of Metals and Alloys, Wiley Interscience, New York-London-Sydney-Toronto, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  17. F.A. Schmidt, O.D. McMasters, and O.N. Carlson: “The Yttrium-Germanium System,” J. Less-Common Met., 1972, 26, pp. 53–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. S. Steeb, E. Gebhardt, and H. Reule: “The Intermetallic Compounds of Rare Earth Metals with Ag, Au, Pd and Pt,” Monatsh. Chem., 1972, 103, pp. 716–35 (in German).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. V.N. Eremenko, Q.C. Xuong, Yu.I. Buyanov, and A.M. Kharkova: “Phase Diagram of the System Pr-Ge,” Inorg. Mater., 1975, 11, pp. 133–35 (English translation, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Neorg. Mater., 1975, 11, pp. 160–62).

    Google Scholar 

  20. S. Cirafici and A. Palenzona: “The Lanthanum-Copper System,” J. Less-Common Met., 1977, 53(2), pp. 199–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. I. Felner and I. Nowik: “Magnetism and Hyperfine Interactions in EuM2Ge2 and GdM2Ge2 (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu),” J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1978, 39, pp. 767–73.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Iandelli and A. Palenzona: “Crystal Chemistry of Intermetallic Compounds,” in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, K.A. Gschneidner Jr. and L. Eyring, ed., Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1979, 2, pp. 1–54.

    Google Scholar 

  23. K.H.J. Buschow, J.H. van Vucht, and W.W. van den Hoogenhof: “The Crystal Structures of Eu3Ag2, EuAg and EuCu,” J. Less-Common Met., 1980, 75, p. 17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. V.N. Eremenko, V.G. Batalin, Yu.I. Buyanov, and I.M. Obushenko: “Constitution Diagram of the Gadolinium-Germanium System,” Sov. Powder Metall. Met. Ceram., 1980, 19, pp. 104–8 [Engl. Transl. of Poroshk. Metall., 1980, 2, pp. 40–45].

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. I. Stapf, G. Kiessler, H. Jehn, E. Gebhardt, and A. Mulokozi. “The System Silver-Samarium,” J. Less-Common Met., 1980, 71, pp. 19–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. J.M. Bloch, D. Shaltiel, D. Davidov: “Preparation and Study of New Intermetallic Compounds with Sodium-Zinc (NaZn13) Structure, Lanthanum-Copper (LaCu13), Praseodymium-Copper (PrCu13),” J. Less-Common Met., 1981, 79, pp. 323–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. P.A. Kotsanidis and J.K. Yakinthos: “Magnetic Susceptibility of Ternary TCu2Ge2 (T=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) Compounds,” Sol. State Commun., 1981, 40, pp. 1041–43 (in French).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. T. Heumann and H. Dirkes: “Phase Equilibria in the System Ag-25 at.% La,” Z. Metallkd., 1982, 73, p. 172.

    Google Scholar 

  29. K.A. Gschneidner Jr. and F.W. Calderwood: “The Ag-(Sc, Y, La, Lu) System,” Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1983, 4, pp. 370–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Szytula, W. Bazela, and J. Leciejewicz: “Neutron Diffraction Study of Magnetic Ordering in PrCu2Si2, PrCu2Ge2, PrFe2Ge2 and NdFe2Ge2,” Solid State Commun., 1983, 48(12), pp. 1053–57.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. F. Thirion, J. Steinmetz, and B. Malaman: “Crystal Structures of Sc3Cu4Ge4, and of the Phase Tm3Cu4Sn4,” Mat. Res. Bull., 1983, 18, pp. 1537–42 (in French).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. G. Zanicchi, D. Mazzone, V. Contardi, R. Marazza, G. Rambaldi, and D. Rossi: “On the Preparation and Characterization of Intermetallic Phases,” Gazz. Chim. Ital., 1983, 113, pp. 257–59.

    Google Scholar 

  33. C. Allibert, W. Wong-Ng, and S.C. Nyburg: “CeCu3.6, a Disordered Variant of Gd14Ag51 Type,” Acta Cryst. C, 1984, 40, pp. 211–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. P.A. Kotsanidis, J.K. Yakinthos, and E. Roudaut: “Neutron Diffraction Study of DyCu2Ge2,” Solid State Commun., 1984, 50(5), pp. 413–16.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. B.Ya. Kotur and R.I. Andrusyak: Visn. L’vivsk. Univ., Ser. Khim., 1984, 25, p. 35 (cited in [1999 Sal]).

    Google Scholar 

  36. E. Parthé and B. Chabot: “Crystal Structures and Crystal Chemistry of Ternary Rare Earth-Transition Metal Borides, Silicides and Homologues,” in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, K.A. Gschneidner Jr. and L. Eyring ed., Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1984, 6, pp. 113–334.

    Google Scholar 

  37. P. Rogl: “Phase Equilibria in Ternary and Higher Order Systems with Rare Earth Elements and Silicon,” in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, K.A. Gschneidner Jr. and L. Eyring ed., Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1984, 7, pp. 1–264.

    Google Scholar 

  38. P. Schobinger-Papamantellos, A. Niggli, P.A. Kotsanidis, and J.K. Jakinthos: “The Antiferromagnetic Structures of TbCu2Ge2 and HoCu2Ge2 by Neutron Diffraction,” J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1984, 45(6), pp. 695–99.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. K.A. Gschneidner Jr. and F.W. Calderwood: “The Ag-(Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) System,” Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1985, 6, pp. 15–26, 138–49, 439–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. F. Meyer-Liautaud and C.H. Allibert: “New Phases in the System La-Cu,” J. Less-Common Met., 1985, 110, pp. 81–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. U. Rauchschwalbe, U. Gottwick, U. Ahlheim, H.M. Mayer, and F. Steglich: “Investigation of New Lanthanum-, Cerium-, and Uranium-Based Ternary Intermetallics,” J. Less-Common Met., 1985, 111, pp. 265–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. P. Schobinger-Papamantellos and K.H.J. Buschow: “Ferromagnetism of NdGe and PrGe Studied by Neutron Diffraction and Magnetic Measurements,” J. Less-Common Met., 1985, 111, pp. 125–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. J.K. Yakinthos: “A Powder Neutron Diffraction Study of the ErCu2Ge2 Compound-Crystal Field,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1985, 46, pp. 300–04.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. R. Felten,G. Weber, and H. Rietschel: “Specific Heats and Crystal-Field Splittings of CeCu2Ge2, CeRu2Ge2 and UBe13,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1987, 63–64, pp. 383–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. R.W. Hill: “The Specific Heat of ErAg and TbAg between 0.5 and 21 K,” J. Phys. F: Met. Phys., 1987, 17, pp. 243–55.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. M.I. Ivanov and G.M. Lukashenko: “Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Liquid Alloys of Silver with Rare Earth Metals,” J. Less-Common Met., 1987, 133, pp. 181–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. B.D. Belan: “Phase Equilibria, Crystal Structures and Properties of Compounds in the Systems Eu-(Fe,Co,Ni,Cu)-(Si,Ge),” Ph.D. Thesis, L’viv State University, L’viv, Ukraine, 1988, pp. 1–17 (cited in [1999Sal]).

    Google Scholar 

  48. A.B. Gokhale and G.J. Abbaschian: “The Ge-(Y,Sm) System,” Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1988, 9, pp. 64–68, 578–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. M.B. Konyk, P.S. Salamakha, O.I. Bodak, and V.K. Pecharskii: “Crystal Structure of Ce2CuGe6,” Sov. Phys. Crystallogr., 1988, 33(4), pp. 494–95.

    Google Scholar 

  50. B.Ya. Kotur and L.A. Boichuk: Vestn. Lvov Univ., Ser. Khim., 1988, 29, p. 51 (cited in [1999Sal]).

    Google Scholar 

  51. R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian: “The Ag-Ge (Silver-Germanium) System,” Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1988, 9, pp. 58–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. P.S. Salamakha: Visn. L’vivsk. Univ., Ser. Khim., 1988, 29, p. 62 (cited in [1999Sal]).

    Google Scholar 

  53. P. Schobinger-Papamantellos, D.B. De Mooij, and K.H.J. Buschow: “Crystallographic and Magnetic Structure of TbGe2,” J. Less-Common. Met., 1988, 144, pp. 265–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. P.K. Starodub: “Phase Equilibria, Crystal Structures and Some Physical Properties of the Ternary Compounds in the Systems Tb-(Fe,Co,Ni,Cu)-Ge,” Ph.D. Thesis, L’viv State University, L’viv, Ukraine, 1988, pp. 1–17 (cited in [1999Sal]).

    Google Scholar 

  55. A.B. Gokhale and G.J. Abbaschian: “The Ge-(La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd) System,” Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1989, 10, pp. 142–56, 241–46, 385–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. M.R. Ibarra, T.S. Chien, and A.S. Pavlovic: “Structural Instability in RCu Intermetallic Compounds,” J. Less-Common Met., 1989, 153, pp. 233–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. L.P. Komarovskaya, L.A. Mykhailiv, and R.V. Skolozdra: “The Ternary Pr (Lu)-Cu-Sn System,” Russ. Metall., 1989, 4, pp. 204–08 (English translation, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Metally, 1989, 4, pp. 209–13).

    Google Scholar 

  58. A. Loidl, G. Knopp, H. Spille, F. Steglich, and A.P. Murani: “Spin Relaxation Dynamics in Heavy-Fermion Systems,” Physica B, 1989, 156–157, pp. 794–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. O.Ya. Oleksyn, V.K. Pecharsky, O.I. Bodak, and V.K. Bell’skii: “Crystal Structure of the Erbium Germanium (Er26Ge23−x) Compound,” Dopov. Akad. Nauk Ukr. RSR, Ser. A: Fiz. Mat. Tekh. Nauki, 1989, 8, pp. 78–82 (in Ukrainian) (C.A.112:149370j).

    Google Scholar 

  60. G. Qi, K. Itagaki, and A. Yazawa: Mater. Trans. JIM, 1989, 30, pp. 273–82.

    Google Scholar 

  61. G. Qi, K. Itagaki, S. Mey, P.J. Spencer: “Heat Content Measurement and Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Cu-La System,” Z. Metallkd. 1989, 80, pp. 883–87.

    Google Scholar 

  62. P. Schobinger-Papamantellos and K.H.J. Buschow: “Crystallographic and Magnetic Structure of Tb3Ge5,” J. Less-Common. Met., 1989, 146, pp. 279–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. P. Schobinger-Papamantellos and K.H.J. Buschow: “Modulated Structure and Weak Ferromagnetism in Nd3Ge5 Studied by Neutron Diffraction and Magnetic Measurements,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1989, 82, pp. 99–108.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. A. Szytula and J. Leciejewicz: “Magnetic Properties of Ternary Intermetallic Compounds of the RT2X2 Type,” in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, K.A. Gschneidner Jr. and L. Eyring, ed., Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1989, 12, pp. 133–212.

    Google Scholar 

  65. G. Venturini, B. Malaman, and B. Roques: “Contribution to the Crystallochemistry of the ThCr2Si2 and CaBe2Ge2 Isotypes; II Variation of the Interatomic Distances in the MeMe’2Ge2 Germanides ThCr2Si2 type (Me=Y, Nd, Ca; Me’=Mn, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir),” J. Solid State Chem., 1989, 79, pp. 136–45 (in French).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. M. François, G. Venturini, B. Malaman, and B. Roques: “New CeNiSi2 Isotypes in the R-M-X Systems (R=La-Lu, M=Metals of the 7 to 11 Groups and X=Ge, Sn): I. Compositions and Lattice Parameters,” J. Less-Common. Met., 1990, 160, pp. 197–213 (in French).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. E.I. Gladyshevsky, O.I. Bodak, and V.K. Pecharsky: “Phase Equilibria and Crystal Chemistry in Ternary Rare Earth Systems with Metallic Elements, in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, K.A. Gschneidner Jr. and L. Eyring, ed., Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1990, 13, pp. 1–190.

    Google Scholar 

  68. K.A. Gschneidner Jr., B.J. Beaudry, and J. Capellen: “Rare Earth Metals,” in Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, ASM International, Metals Park, OH, 1990, 2, p. 720.

    Google Scholar 

  69. K.A. Gschneidner Jr.: “Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals,” Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1990, 11(3), pp. 216–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. K. Itagaki, G. Qi, S. Anmey, and P.J. Spencer: “Evaluation of the Phase Diagram and Thermochemistry of the Cu-Y System,” CALPHAD, 1990, 14, pp. 377–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. B. Lambert-Andron, E. Houssay, R. Madar, F. Hyppert, J. Pierre, and S. Auffret: “Crystal Structure and Properties of Tetragonal CeGe1.6,” J. Less-Common Met., 1990, 167, pp. 53–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. T.B. Massalski, H. Okamoto, P.R. Subramanian, and L. Kacprzak: Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990, 1, 2, and 3.

    Google Scholar 

  73. P. Schobinger-Papamantellos, D.B. Mooij, and K.H.J. Buschow: “Modulated Structure and Ferromagnetic Ordering in PrGe1.60 Studied by Neutron Diffraction and Magnetic Measurements,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1990, 89, pp. 47–55.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. P. Schobinger-Papamantellos, D.B. Mooij, and K.H.J. Buschow: “Crystallographic and Magnetic Structure of Dy3Ge5 and DyGe1.9,” J. Less-Common. Met., 1990, 163, pp. 319–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. M.L. Vrtis, J.D. Jorgensen, and D.G. Hinks: “The Structural Phase Transition in the RECu6 Compounds (Re=La, Ce, Pr, Nd),” J. Solid State Chem., 1990, 84, pp. 93–101.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. G. Cordier and R. Henseleit: “Crystal Structure of Ytterbium Silver (2/7), Yb2Ag7,” Z. Kristallogr., 1991, 194, pp. 146–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. K. Fitzner, W.G. Jung, and O.J. Kleppa: “Thermochemistry of Binary Alloys of Transition Metals: the Me-Sc, Me-Y and Me-La (Me=Ag, Au) Systems,” Metall. Trans. A, 1991, 22A, pp. 1103–11.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. D. Gignoux, P. Morin, and D. Schmitt: “Multiple Magnetic Phase Transitions in the Tetragonal GdPt2Si2 and GdAg2 Compounds,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1991, 102, pp. 33–41.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. A.B. Gokhale and G.J. Abbaschian: “The Eu-Ge System,” Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1991, 12, pp. 490–93.

    Google Scholar 

  80. E. Gratz, M. Loewenhaupt, M. Divis, W. Steiner, E. Bauer, N. Pillmayr, H. Müller, H. Nowotny, and B. Frick: “Structural, Magnetic, Electronic and Transport Properties of NdCu2,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 1991, 3, pp. 9297–318.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  81. W.G. Jung and O.J. Kleppa: “Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Me5Ge3 (Me=Sc, Y, La) by High-Temperature Calorimetry,” J. Less-Common. Met., 1991, 169, pp. 85–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. V.K. Pecharsky, K.A. Gschneidner Jr., O.I. Bodak, and A.S. Protsyk: “The Crystal Structure, Heat Capacity (1.5–80 K) and Magnetic Susceptibility (1.6–300 K) of LaAgGe and Ce-AgGe,” J. Less-Common Met., 1991, 168, pp. 257–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. O.I. Sologub and A.S. Protsyk: Visn. L’viv State Univ., 1991, 31, p. 31 (cited in [1999Sal]).

    Google Scholar 

  84. P. Villars and L.D. Calvert: Pearson’s Handbook of Crystallographic Data for Intermetallic Phases, 2nd ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1991, 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  85. E.V. Anisimova, E.I. Gladyshevsky, E.P. Marusin, and V.K. Pecharsky: “Crystal Structures of Compounds in the Ternary Systems Gd-Ag-Si(Ge),” in Tezisy VI Soveshch. po Kristallokh. Neorg. i Koord. Soedyneniy, L’viv, Ukraine, 1992, p. 160 (cited in [1999Sal]).

  86. P. Schobinger-Papamantellos, D.B. de Mooij, and K.H.J. Buschow: “Crystal Structure of the Compound DyGe3,” J. Alloys Compd., 1992, 183, pp. 181–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Wang Jixin: “Evaluation of the Thermodynamics for Cu-Pr, Cu-Nd Systems,” CALPHAD, 1992, 16, pp. 87–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. K. Fitzner and O.J. Kleppa: “Thermochemistry of Binary and Ternary Noble Metal Alloys: The Systems Cu-Ce, Ag-Ce, Au-Ce, Cu-Ag-Au and Ce-Ag-Au,” Metall. Trans. A, 1993, 24A, pp. 1827–34.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. C.S. Garde, J. Ray, and G. Chandra: “Electrical Resistivity, Thermopower and Thermal Conductivity Studies of (Sm1−xYx)Cu2 and RCu2 (R=Gd, Pr or Tb),” J. Phys.: Condensed Matter, 1993, 5, pp. 6737–44.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. A. Iandelli: “The Structure of Ternary Phases of Rare Earths with RCuGe Composition,” J. Alloys Compd., 1993, 198, pp. 141–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. K. Zhang, L. Chen, and C. He: “Room Temperature and 500 °C Isothermal Sections of the Ag-Cu-Dy (0–33.3 at.% Dy) Phase Diagram,” J. Alloys Compd., 1993, 194, pp. 59–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. N. Boutarek, J. Pierre, B. Lambert-Andron, Ph. L’Heritier, and R. Madar: “Metallurgical and Physical Study of Praseodymium Disilicides and Digermanides,” J. Alloys Compd., 1994, 204, pp. 251–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. M.F. Fedyna, O.Ya. Oleksyn, N.S. Bilonizhko, and O.V. Gulyak: “New Representatives of Gd3Cu4Ge4 Structure Type in R-(Fe,Cu)-Ge System,” Visnyk L’viv Univ. Ser. Khim., 1994, 33, pp. 53–4 [cited in Red Book—Constitutional Data and Phase Diagrams, G. Effenberg et al., ed., MSI, Germany, 1994, vol. 39, p. 839].

    Google Scholar 

  94. R.A. Fisher, J.P. Emerson, R. Caspary, N.E. Phillips and F. Steglich: “The Low-Temperature Specific Heat of CeCu2Ge2 at 0 and 9.5 kbar,” Physica B, 1994, 194–196, pp. 459–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. K. Fitzner and O.J. Kleppa: “Thermochemistry of Binary Alloys of Transition Metals: The Systems Cu-Ce, Me-Pr, and Me-Nd (Me=Cu, Ag, Au),” Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1994, 25A, pp. 1495–500.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  96. S.G. Fries, H. Lukas, R. Konetzki, and R. Schmid-Fetzer: “Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Optimization of the Y-Cu Binary System,” J. Phase Equil., 1994, 15(6), pp. 606–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. B. Lambert-Andron, N. Boutarek, J. Pierre, and R. Madar: “Coexistence of Ordered and Disordered Phases in a CeGe2−x Single Crystal,” J. Alloys Compd., 1994, 203, pp. 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. O.Ya. Oleksyn and O.I. Bodak: “Crystal Structure of R3Ge4 Compounds (R=Er, Ho, Tm, Lu),” J. Alloys Compd., 1994, 210, pp. 19–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian: “Cu-Ge (Copper-Germanium),” in Monograph Series on Alloy Phase Diagrams—Phase Diagrams of Binary Copper Alloys, P.R. Subramanian, D.J. Chakrabarti, and D.E. Laughlin, ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1994, 10, pp. 191–98.

    Google Scholar 

  100. A.S. Protsyk: “Ternary Systems RE-Ag-(Si,Ge): Equilibrium Phase Diagram of the Systems, Crystal Structures and Some Physical Properties of Compounds,” Ph.D. Thesis, L’viv State University, L’viv, Ukraine, 1994, pp. 1–17 (cited in [1999Sal]).

    Google Scholar 

  101. P.R. Subramanian and D.E. Laughlin: “Phase Diagrams of Binary Copper Alloys,” Monograph Series on Alloy Phase Diagrams, No. 10, P.R. Subramanian, D.J. Chakrabarti, and D.E. Laughlin, ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  102. E.V. Anisimova, E.P. Marusin, V.K. Pecharsky, and E.I. Gladyshevsky: “Phase Equilibria in the System Gd-Ag-Ge (range 0–40 at.% Gd) and Crystal Structure of the Compound Gd7Ge11,” in VI Int. Conf. on Crystal Chemistry of Intermetallic Compounds, L’viv, Ukraine, 1995, p. 24 (cited in [1999Sal]).

  103. J. Chaboy and M.R. Ibarra: “X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Investigation of the Martensitic Structural Transformation in the RCu (R=rare earth) Series,” Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Mater., 1995, 52, pp. 3206–13.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  104. S. Chatain, C. Gonella, G. Bordier, and J. Le Ny: “Thermodynamic Activity Measurements of the Liquid Cu-Gd Alloy by High Temperature Mass Spectrometry,” J. Alloys Compd., 1995, 228, pp. 112–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. R.B. Dzyanyi, O.I. Bodak, and L.G. Aksel’rud: “Crystal Structure of YbCuGe,” Inorg. Mater., 1995, 31(7), p. 913 (English translation, Neorg. Mat., 1995, 31, p. 990).

    Google Scholar 

  106. M. Kuznietz, H. Pinto, and H. Ettedgui: “A.C. Susceptibility Studies of the UM2Ge2, TbM2Ge2 and HoM2Ge2 Compounds (M=Co, Ni, Cu),” J. Alloys Compd., 1995, 225, pp. 156–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. S.V. Meschel and O.J. Kleppa: “Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Some Carbides, Silicides and Germanides of Cerium and Praseodymium,” J. Alloys Compd., 1995, 220, pp. 88–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. S.V. Meschel and O.J. Kleppa: “Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Some Neodymium and Gadolinium Carbides, Silicides and Germanides by High Temperature Direct Synthesis Calorimetry,” J. Alloys Compd., 1995, 217, pp. 235–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. S.V. Meschel and O.J. Kleppa: “Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Some Lutetium Alloys by High Temperature Direct Synthesis Calorimetry,” J. Alloys Compd., 1995, 224, pp. 345–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. P. Morin and D. Schmitt: “Specific Heat of the Quadrupolar System TmAg2,” J. Magn. Mater., 1995, 140–144, pp. 1135–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. R. Pöttgen: “Preparation and Crystal Structure of EuAgGe,” Z. Naturforsch., 1995, 50b, pp. 1071–74.

    Google Scholar 

  112. O. Sologub, K. Hiebl, P. Rogl, and O.I. Bodak. “Formation, Crystal Chemistry and Magnetism of Compounds RE2TGe6, R=Rare Earth, T=Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag and Au,” J. Alloys Compd., 1995, 227, pp. 37–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. K. Alami-Yadri, D. Jaccard, and P. Link: “Electrical Resistivity and Thermopower of Gd2Cu9 and Dy2Cu9,” Physics Letters A, 1996, 212, pp. 227–30.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  114. S. Baran, A. Szytula, J. Leciejewicz, N. Stüsser, A. Zygmunt, Z. Tomkowicz, and M. Guillot: “Magnetic Structures of RCuGe (R=Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) Compounds from Neutron Diffraction and Magnetic Measurements,” J. Alloys Compd., 1996, 243, pp. 112–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. R. Cerný, M. François, K. Yvon, D. Jaccard, E. Walker, V. Petrícek, Císarová, H-U. Nissen, and R. Wessicken: “A Single-Crystal X-ray and HRTEM Study of the Heavy-Fermion Compound YbCu4.5,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 1996, 8, pp. 4485–93.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  116. A. Das and A.K. Nigam: “Resistivity and Magnetoresistance Studies of the Compound SmCu6,” J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 1996, 8, pp. 4775–79.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  117. Y. Du and N. Clavaguera: “Thermodynamic Assessment of the Cu-Nd System,” Scripta Materialia, 1996, 34, pp. 1609–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. B. Gibson, R. Pöttgen, R.K. Kremer, A. Simon, and K.R.A. Ziebeck: “Ternary Germanides LnAgGe (Ln=Y, Sm, Gd-Lu) with Ordered Fe2P-type Structure,” J. Alloys Compd., 1996, 239, pp. 34–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. J. He, N. Tsujii, M. Nakanishi, K. Yoshimura, and K. Kosuge: “A Cubic AuBe5-type YbCu5 Phase with Trivalent Yb Ion,” J. Alloys Compd. 1996, 240, pp. 261–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. B.Ya. Kotur, V.O. Derkach, I.S. Dutsyak, and A.Z. Pavlyshyn: Structure and Electrical Properties of ScCu4 as Bulk Alloy and Thin Film,” J. Alloys Compd. 1996, 238, pp. 81–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. V. Ivanov, M. Kolenda, J. Leciejewicz, N. Stüsser, and A. Szytula. “Antiferromagnetic Ordering in PrCu2Si2, PrCu2Ge2 and TbCu2Si2,” J. Alloys Compd., 1996, 234, pp. L4–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. F. Merlo, M. Pani, and M.L. Fornasini: “RMX Compounds Formed by Alkaline Earths, Europium and Ytterbium. IV: Ternary Phases with M=Ag and X=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb,” J. Alloys Compd., 1996, 232, pp. 289–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. S.V. Meschel and O.J. Kleppa: “Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Some Carbides, Silicides, Germanides and Stannides of Samarium by High Temperature Direct Synthesis Calorimetry,” J. Alloys Compd., 1996, 243, pp. 186–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. S.V. Meschel and O.J. Kleppa: “Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Some Carbides, Silicides, Germanides, Stannides and Borides of Terbium Determined by High Temperature Direct Synthesis Calorimetry,” J. Alloys Compd., 1996, 234, pp. 137–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. S.V. Meschel and O.J. Kleppa: “Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Some Carbides, Silicides, Germanides, Stannides and Borides of Dysprosium by High Temperature Direct Synthesis Calorimetry,” J. Alloys Compd., 1996, 233, pp. 272–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. S.V. Meschel and O.J. Kleppa: “Redetermination of the Standard Enthalpy of Formation of Lu5Ge3 by High Temperature Direct Synthesis Calorimetry,” J. Alloys Compd., 1996, 245, pp. L28–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. N.Z. Nakonechna and I.A. Savysyuk: unpublished work cited in Red Book—Constitutional Data and Phase Diagrams, G. Effenberg, et al., ed., MSI, Stuttgart, Germany, 1996, 41, p. 395.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Y. Onuki, R. Settai, and H. Aoki: “Metamagnetic Transition in f-electron Systems Studied by de Haas-van Alphen Experiments,” Physica B, 1996, 216, pp. 323–25.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  129. R.I. Polotskaya, V.R. Sidorko, and R.V. Antonchenko: “Thermodynamic Properties of Yttrium Germanides,” Powder Metall. Met. Cer., 1996, 35(5–6), pp. 307–09 (English translation, Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, 1996, 5–6, pp. 103–07).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. R. Pöttgen and A. Simon: “The Crystal Structure of Eu5Ge3 and EuIrGe2,” Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1996, 622, pp. 779–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. E.B. Rudnyi: “Gibbs Energies of Intermetallic Phases in the Copper Yttrium System,” Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1996, 70(6), pp. 986–90 (in Ukrainian) (C.A. 125:286082z).

    Google Scholar 

  132. P.S. Salamakha, O.V. Zaplatynsky, O.L. Sologub, and O.I. Bodak: “New Ternary Compounds with Gd6Cu8Ge8-Type,” Polish J. Chem., 1996, 70, pp. 158–61.

    Google Scholar 

  133. P.S. Salamakha, M.B. Konyk, R. Dzyanyi, O.L. Sologub, and O.I. Bodak: “Systematics of Rare Earth-Copper-Germanium Systems,” Polish J. Chem., 1996, 70, pp. 270–74.

    Google Scholar 

  134. P.S. Salamakha, O.V. Zaplatynsky, O.L. Sologub, and O.I. Bodak: “Interaction Behaviour of Neodymium and Silver with Elements of Group IV a at 600 °C,” J. Alloys Compd., 1996, 239, pp. 94–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. P. Schobinger-Papamantellos, T. Janssen, and K.H.J. Buschow: “The Antiphase Domain Magnetic Structure of the DyGe3 Compound,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1996, 154, pp. 29–36.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  136. P. Schobinger-Papamantellos, G. André, J. Rodriguez-Carvajal, C.H. de Groot, and K.H.J. Buschow: “The Magnetic Ordering of the Novel Compound ErGe3,” J. Alloys Compd., 1996, 232, pp. 165–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. R. Settai, M. Abliz, P. Ahmet, H. Azuma, D. Aoki, Y. Yoshida, K. Sugiyama, and Y. Onuki: “Metamagnetic Transition in PrCu2 Studied by the de-Haas-van Alphen Effect,” Physica B, 1996, 216, pp. 326–28.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  138. R. Settai, P. Ahmet, M. Abliz, K. Sugiyama, Y. Onuki, K. Kindo, and S. Takayanagi: “Metamagnetic Transition Based on the Quadrupole Moment in PrCu2,” Physica B, 1996, 223–224, pp. 389–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. K. Sugiyama, R. Settai, H. Azuma, H. Sugawara, Y. Aoki, H. Sato, K. Kindo, Y. Onuki, High-Field Magnetization and Phase Diagram of NdCu2 Single Crystal, Physica B, 1996, vol. 216, pp. 316–18.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  140. G. Venturini and B. Malaman: “X-ray Single Crystal Refinements on Some RT2Ge2 Compounds (R=Ca, Y, La, Nd, U; T=Mn-Cu, Ru-Pd): Evolution of the Chemical Bonds,” J. Alloys Compd., 1996, 235, pp. 201–09.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. O.V. Zaplatynsky, P.S. Salamakha, O.L. Sologub, O.S. Procyk, and O.I. Bodak: “X-ray Investigation of the Ternary Nd-Ag-Ge System,” Polish J. Chem. 1996, 70, pp. 267–69.

    Google Scholar 

  142. W. Zhuang, Z.Y. Qiao, S. Wei, and J. Shen: “Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Cu-R (R=Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) Binary Systems,” J. Phase Equilibria, 1996, 17(6), pp. 508–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  143. U. Abend and H.J. Schaller: “Constitution and Thermodynamics of Cu-Y Alloys,” Berichte Bunsen Gesellschaft Phys.-Chem. Chem.-Phys., 1997, 101(4), pp. 741–48 (in German).

    Google Scholar 

  144. M. Amara, P. Morin, and F. Bourdarot: “Experimental Study of the Magnetic Phase Diagrams of DyCu,” J. Phys. Condensed Matter., 1997, 9(35), pp. 7441–454.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  145. S. Baran, A. Szytula, J. Leciejewicz, N. Stüsser, A. Zygmunt, Z. Tomkowicz, and M. Guillot: “Magnetic Structures of RCuGe (R=Rare Earth) Compounds,” Physica B, 1997, 234–236, pp. 656–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  146. S. Baran, J. Leciejewicz, N. Stüsser, A. Szytula, Z. Tomkowicz, and A. Zygmunt: “Magnetic Properties of RCuGe (R=Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er,) Compounds,” Acta Physica Polonica A, 1997, 92(2), pp. 271–75.

    Google Scholar 

  147. V.F. Degtyareva, F. Porsch, S.S. Khasanov, V.Sh. Shekhtman, and W.B. Holzapfel: “Effect of Pressure on Structural Properties of Intermetallic LnM Lanthanide Compounds,” J. Alloys Compd., 1997, 246, pp. 248–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. K. Fitzner and O.J. Kleppa: “Thermochemistry of Binary Alloys of Transition Metals: The Systems Me-Gd, Me-Ho, and Me-Lu (Me=Cu, Ag, and Au),” Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1997, 28A, pp. 187–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. Y. Koike, N. Metoki, Y. Morii, Y. Yoshida, R. Settai, and Y. Onuki: “Neutron Scattering Study of the Magnetic Structure of DyCu2,” J. Phys. Soc. of Japan, 1997, 66(12), pp. 4053–54.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  150. S.V. Meschel and O.J. Kleppa: “Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Some Carbides, Silicides, Germanides and Borides of Holmium by High Temperature Direct Synthesis Calorimetry,” J. Alloys Compd., 1997, 247, pp. 52–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. S.V. Meschel and O.J. Kleppa: “Recent Thermochemical Studies of the Binary Alloys of Er with Group IVB Elements by High Temperature Direct Synthesis Calorimetry,” J. de Chimie Physique et de Physico-Chimie Biologique, 1997, 94(5), pp. 928–38.

    Google Scholar 

  152. A.V. Morozkin, Yu.D. Seropegin, A.V. Gribanov, and J.M. Barakatova: “Analysis of the Melting Temperatures of RT2 Compounds (MgCu2 Structure) (R=Rare earth, T=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt) and RT2X2 Compounds (R=La, Ce, Sm, Er; T=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt; X=Si, Ge),” J. Alloys Compd., 1997, 256, pp. 175–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  153. K.H. Müller, B. Idzikowski, D. Eckert, K. Nenkov, H.J. Engelmann, A. Teresiak, and M. Wolf: “Magnetoresistance and Magnetization of Melt Spun Dy-Cu Alloys,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1997, 33(5), pp. 3565–67.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  154. R. Müllmann, B.D. Mosel, H. Eckert, R. Pöttgen, and R.K. Kremer: “151Eu Mössbauer Spectroscopic, Electric, and Magnetic Measurements of EuAgGe and EuAuGe,” Hyperf. Inter. 1997, 108, pp. 389–400.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  155. O. Oleksyn, P. Schobinger-Papamantellos, C. Ritter, C.H. de Groot, and K.H.J. Buschow: “Antiferromagnetic Ordering in the Novel Dy3Ge4 and DyGe1.3 Compounds Studied by Neutron Diffraction and Magnetic Measurements,” J. Alloys Compd., 1997, 262–263, pp. 492–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  156. O. Oleksyn, P. Schobinger-Papamantellos, C. Ritter, C.H. de Groot, and K.H.J. Buschow: “Structure and Magnetic Ordering in the Defect Compound ErGe1.83,” J. Alloys Compd., 1997, 252, pp. 53–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  157. O. Oleksyn, P. Schobinger-Papamantellos, C. Ritter, C.H. de Groot, and K.H.J. Buschow: “Crystallographic and Magnetic Structure of the Novel Compound ErGe1.83,” Physica B, 1997, 234–236, pp. 652–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. R. Pöttgen, B. Gibson, and R.K. Kremer: “Crystal Structure of Ytterbium Silver Germanide, YbAgGe,” Z. Kristallogr., 1997, 212, p. 58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  159. P. Schobinger-Papamantellos, O. Oleksyn, C. Ritter, C.H. de Groot, and K.H.J. Buschow, ”Canted Antiferromagnetic Structure of the Novel Compound Er3Ge4 by Neutron Diffraction and Magnetic Measurements,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1997, 169, pp. 253–60.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  160. K. Yoshimura, N. Tsujii, J. He, M. Kato, K. Kosuge, H. Michor, K. Kreiner, G. Hilscher, and T. Goto: “Synthesis and Dense Kondo Behaviour of Cubic AuBe5-type YbCu5 Compound—Systematic Change of Physical Properties in the YbCu5−xAgx (0≤x≤1) System,” J. Alloys Compd., 1997, 262–263, pp. 118–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  161. V.T. Witusiewicz, V.R. Sidorko, and M.V. Bulanova: “Assessment of Thermodynamic Functions of Formation for Rare Earth Silicides, Germanides, Stannides and Plumbides,” J. Alloys Compd., 1997, 248, pp. 233–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  162. A.V. Andreev, M.I. Bartashevich, T. Goto, M. Divis, and P. Svoboda: “High-field Transition in TbCu2,” Physica B, 1998, 246, pp. 479–82.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  163. S. Baran, M. Hofmann, J. Leciejewicz, B. Penc, M. Slaski, and A. Szytula: “Magnetic Order in RAgGe (R=Gd-Er) Intermetallic Compounds,” J. Alloys Compd., 1998, 281, pp. 92–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  164. S. Chatain, C. Gonella, and P. Roblin: “Experimental and Computational Study of Copper-Gadolinium Alloy Evaporation,” J. Appl. Phys., 1998, 83(6), pp. 2934–39.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  165. M. De, P.K. Sinharoy, and S.K. De: “Optical Properties of PrAg under Pressure,” J. Appl. Phys., 1998, 84(4), pp. 2025–29.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  166. A. Koyanagi, Y. Yoshida, Y. Kimura, R. Settai, K. Sugiyama, and Y. Onuki: “Magnetic and Electrical Properties of GdCu2,” J. Phys. Soc. Jap., 1998, 67(7), pp. 2510–13.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  167. M. Loewenhaupt, M. Doerr, L. Jahn, T. Reif, C. Sierks, M. Rotter, and H. Müller: “Magnetic Phase Diagram and Temperature Dependent Ising-Axis Conversion of DyCu2 Single Crystals,” Physica B, 1998, 246, pp. 472–75.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  168. S.V. Meschel and O.J. Kleppa: “Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Some 5d Transition Metal Silicides by High Temperature Direct Synthesis Calorimetry,” J. Alloys Compd., 1998, 280, pp. 231–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  169. H. Okamoto: “Cu-Pr (Copper-Praseodymium),” J. Phase Equilibria, 1998, 19, p. 182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  170. P. Riani, D. Mazzone, G. Zanicchi, R. Marazza, F. Faudot, M. Harmelin, and R. Ferro: “On the Ce-Cu-Sn System,” J. Phase Equilibria, 1998, 19, pp. 239–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  171. N.I. Usenko, M.I. Ivanov, V.V. Berezutski, and R.I. Polotska: “Calorimetric Determination of Standard Molar Enthalpies of Formation of Gadolinium Silicides and Germanides,” J. Alloys Compd., 1998, 266, pp. 186–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  172. O. Zaharko, P. Schobinger-Papamantellos, and C. Ritter: “Antiferromagnetic Ordering in the Novel Ho3Ge5 and HoGe1.85 Compounds Studied by X-ray and Neutron Diffraction,” J. Alloys Compd, 1998, 280, pp. 4–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  173. N.M. Belyavina, V.Ya. Markiv, and M.V. Speka: “Crystal Structure of YGe3, YGe1.9 and a Novel Y3Ge4 Compound,” J. Alloys Compd., 1999, 283, pp. 162–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  174. G. Borzone, R. Raggio, and R. Ferro: “Thermochemistry and Reactivity of Rare Earth Metals,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 1999, 1, pp. 1487–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  175. P. Boulet, D. Mazzone, H. Noël, P. Riani, P. Rogl, and R. Ferro: “The System Ce-Ag-Sn: Phase Equilibria and Magnetic Properties,” Intermetallics, 1999, 7, pp. 931–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. E. Cordruwisch, D. Kaczorowoski, A. Saccone, P. Rogl, and R. Ferro: “Constitution, Structural Chemistry, and Magnetism of the Ternary System Ce-Ag-Ge,” J. Phase Equilibria, 1999, 20(4), pp. 407–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  177. Z. Du, Y. Xu, and W. Zhang: “Thermodynamic Assessment of the Cu-La System,” J. Alloys Compd., 1999, 289, pp. 88–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  178. R. Ferro, P. Riani, G. Zanicchi, D. Mazzone, R. Marazza, and G. Effenberg: “The Ternary Systems R-Cu-Sn with R=Sc, Y and Heavy Lanthanides: a Review,” J. Mining Metallurgy, 1999, 35B, pp. 39–68.

    Google Scholar 

  179. B. Idzikowski, A. Jezierski, and K. Nenkov: “Magnetic Properties, Magnetoresistance, and Electronic Structure of Cubic DyCu5,” J. Appl. Phys., 1999, 85(8), Part 2A, pp. 4744–46.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  180. I. Ijjaali, G. Venturini, and B. Malaman: “Single Crystal X-ray Analysis of YGex Compounds (1<x<3),” J. Alloys Compd., 1999, 284, pp. 237–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  181. S. Kramp, N.M. Pyka, M. Loewenhaupt, and M. Rotter: “Temperature and Field Dependence of the Spin Wave Gap in NdCu2,” J. Appl. Phys., 1999, 85(8), Part 2B, pp. 5645–47.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  182. S.V. Meschel and O.J. Kleppa: “Standard Enthalpies of Formation of Some Thulium Alloys by High Temperature Direct Synthesis Calorimetry,” J. Alloys Compd., 1999, 285, pp. 179–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  183. Y. Ouyang, Z. Jin, S. Liao, and B. Zhang: “The Formation Enthalpies of Rare Earth-4d Transition Metal Alloys and Intermetallic Compounds,” Z. Metallkd., 1999, 90(3), pp. 242–44.

    Google Scholar 

  184. P. Riani, M.L. Fornasini, R. Marazza, D. Mazzone, G. Zanicchi, and R. Ferro: “The Isothermal Section at 400 °C of the Nd-Cu-Sn Ternary System,” Intermetallics, 1999, 7, pp. 835–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  185. P.S. Salamakha, O.L. Sologub, and O.I. Bodak: “Ternary Rare Earth Germanium Systems,” in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, K.A. Gschneidner, Jr., and L. Eyring, ed., Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1999, 27, pp. 1–223.

    Google Scholar 

  186. J. Szade and M. Neumann: “Electronic Structure Investigation of Gd Intermetallics,” J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 1999, 11, pp. 3887–96.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  187. K. Torizuka, T. Kobayashi, H. Yano, N. Wada, and Y. Onuki: “Anisotropy Observed in the Specific Heat and the Susceptibility of PrCu6 in Magnetic Fields,” J. Phys. Soc. Jap. 1999, 68, pp. 232–36.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  188. G. Venturini, I. Ijjaali, and B. Malaman: “Vacancy Ordering in AlB2-type RGe2−x Compounds (R=Y, Nd, Sm, Gd-Lu),” J. Alloys Compd., 1999, 284, pp. 262–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  189. G. Venturini, I. Ijjaali, and B. Malaman: “RGe2−x Compounds (R=Y, Gd-Ho) with New Ordered ThSi2-Defect Structures,” J. Alloys Compd., 1999, 285, pp. 194–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  190. G. Venturini, I. Ijjaali, and B. Malaman: “Hexagonal Y3Ge5 with a New AlB2 Derivative Structure,” J. Alloys Compd., 1999, 289, pp. 116–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  191. G. Venturini, I. Ijjaali, and B. Malaman: “New Ordered ThSi2-Type Derivatives in the Light Rare Earths Germanides: Crystal Structure of Nd4Ge7,” J. Alloys Compd., 1999, 289, pp. 168–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  192. G. Venturini, I. Ijjaali, and B. Malaman: “Orthorhombic Er2Ge5, with a ZrSi2-DyGe3 Intergrowth Structure,” J. Alloys Compd., 1999, 288, pp. 183–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  193. M.B. Konyk, L.P. Romaka, Yu.K. Gorelenko, and O.I. Bodak: “Magnetic and Electrical Properties of R2CuGe6 Compounds (R=Y, Ce, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb),” J. Alloys Compd., 2000, 311, pp. 120–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  194. S. Kramp, M. Doerr, M. Rotter, M. Loewenhaupt, and R.V.D. Kamp: “Magneto-structural Transition in NdCu2—Evidence for an Axis Conversion Like Behaviour,” European Phys. J. B, 2000, 18(4), pp. 559–63.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  195. Z. Li, X. Su, F. Yin, and C. Chen: “On the Thermodynamic Assessment of the Ag-La System,” J. Alloys Compd., 2000, 299, pp. 195–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  196. S. Majumdar and E.V. Sampathkumaran: “Magnetic Behaviour of Gd2CuGe3: Electrical Resistance Minimum above the Néel Temperature,” Phys. Rev. B, 2000, 61(1), pp. 43–45.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  197. P. Riani, D. Mazzone, R. Marazza, G. Zanicchi, and R. Ferro: “Contribution to the Investigation of Ternary Pr-Cu-Sn Alloys,” Intermetallics, 2000, 8, pp. 259–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  198. I. Savysyuk, E. Gladyshevkii, and N. Tsytsyk: “The Phase Equilibria in the Y-Ag-Ge Ternary System at 873 K and the Crystal Structure of the Compounds,” Visnyk L’viv Univ. Ser. Khim., 2000, 39, pp. 8–12 (in Ukrainian).

    Google Scholar 

  199. A. Szytula, A. Jezierski, B. Penc, and D. Fus: “Valence Band Studies of the RTX (R=Pr, Nd; T=Cu, Ag, Au; X=Ge, Sn) Compounds,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2000, 222, pp. 47–53.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  200. G. Venturini: “Orthorhombic TmGe≈1.9, with a ZrSi2-ErGe1.83 Intergrowth Structure,” J. Alloys Compd., 2000, 308, pp. 200–04.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  201. L. Zeng and H.F. Franzen: “A Refinement of the Crystal Structure of the Nd5Ge3,” J. Alloys Compd., 2000, 313, pp. 75–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  202. Y. Niu, F. Gesmundo, M. Al-Omary, and J. Song: “The High Temperature Oxidation of a two-phase Ag-Y Alloy under 1 and 10−20 atm O2,” J. Alloys Compd., 2001, 317–318, pp. 573–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  203. P. Salamakha, O. Sologub, P. Demchenko, L. Righi, and G. Bocelli: “Crystal Structure of the NdGe1.66 Compound,” J. Alloys Compd., 2001, 315, pp. L1–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  204. I.A. Savysyuk, E.I. Gladyshevskii, and R.E. Gladyshevskii: “Isothermal Section of the Pr-Ag-Ge Phase Diagram at 873 K and Crystal Structure of New Ternary Germanides,” J. Alloys Compd., 2001, 314, pp. 167–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  205. A. Szytula, D. Fus, B. Penc, and A. Jezierski: “Electronic Structure of RTX (R=Pr, Nd; T=Cu, Ag, Au; X=Ge, Sn) Compounds,” J. Alloys Compd., 2001, 317–318, pp. 340–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  206. G. Zanicchi, D. Mazzone, P. Riani, R. Marazza, and R. Ferro: “The Isothermal Section at 400 °C of the Yb-Ag-Sn Ternary System,” J. Alloys Compd., 2001, 317–318, pp. 513–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Sezione di Chimica Inorganica e Metallurgia, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy

    P. Riani, D. Mazzone, G. Zanicchi, R. Marazza & R. Ferro

Authors
  1. P. Riani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. Mazzone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. Zanicchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R. Marazza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. R. Ferro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Riani, P., Mazzone, D., Zanicchi, G. et al. Ternary rare earth germanium systems with Cu and Ag—A review and a contribution to their assessment. JPE 23, 7–28 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1361/105497102770332171

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1361/105497102770332171

Keywords

Search

Navigation