Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Organic modification of carbon nanotubes

  • Review
  • Published:
Chinese Science Bulletin

Abstract

The organic modification of carbon nanotubes is a novel research field being developed recently. In this article, the history and newest progress of organic modification of carbon nanotubes are reviewed from two aspects: organic covalent modification and organic noncovalent modification of carbon nanotubes. The preparation and properties of organic modified carbon nanotubes are discussed in detail. In addition, the prospective development of organic modification of carbon nanotubes is suggested.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Iijima, S., Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature, 1991, 354: 56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Iijima, S., Ichihashi, T., Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter, Nature, 1993, 363: 603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bethune, D. S., Kiang, C. H., de Vries, M. S. et al., Cobalt-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layer walls, Nature, 1993, 363: 605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Dresselhaus, M. S., Dresselhaus, G., Eklund, P. C., Science of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, San Diego: Academic Press, 1996: 757–869.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ebbesen, T. W., Carbon nanotubes: Preparation and properties, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ajayan, P. M., Charlier, J. C., Rinzler, A. G., Carbon nanotubes: From macromolecules to nanotechnology, PANS, 1999, 96(25): 14199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Yakobson, B. I., Smalley, R. E., Fullerene nanotubes: C1 000000 and beyond, American Scientist, 1997, 85(4): 324.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Harris, P. J. F., Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures: New Materials for the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dekker, C., Carbon nanotubes as molecular quantum wires, Phys. Today, 1999, 52(5): 22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ajayan, P. M., Nanotubes from carbon, Chem. Rev., 1999, 99: 1787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Odom, T. W., Huang, J. L., Lieber, C. M. et al., Structure and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2000, 104: 2794.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Li, W. Z., Xie, S. S., Qian, L. X. et al., Large-scale synthesis of aligned carbon nanotubes, Science, 1996, 274(5293): 1701.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Huang, S. M., Mau, A. W. H., Dai, L. M. et al., Patterned growth and contact transfer of well-aligned carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. B, 1999, 103: 4223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. de Heer, W. A., Bonard, J. M., Fauth, K. et al., Electron field emitters based on carbon nanotube films, Adv. Mater., 1997, 9: 87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Saito, S., Carbon nanotubes for next-generation electronics devices, Science, 1997, 278: 77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Han, W. Q., Fan, S. S., Li, Q. Q. et al., Synthesis of gallium nitride nanorods through a carbon nanotube-confined reaction, Science, 1997, 277: 1287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu, C., Cheng, H. M., Dresselhaus, M. S. et al., Hydrogen storage in single-walled carbon nanotubes at room temperature, Science, 1999, 286: 1127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Chen, P., Wu, X., Lin, J. et al., High H2 uptake by alkali-doped carbon nanotubes under ambient pressure and moderate temperatures, Science, 1999, 285: 91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Salvetat, J. P., Bonard, J. M., Kulik, A. J. et al., Mechanical properties of carbon nanotube, Appl. Phys. A, 1999, 69: 255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ugarte, D., Stockli, T., de Heer, W. A. et al., Filling carbon nanotubes, Appl. Phys. A, 1998, 67: 101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Tsang, S. C., Chen, Y. K., Green, M. L.H. et al., A simple chemical method of opening and filling carbon nanotubes, Nature, 1994, 372: 159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Lago, R. M., Tsang, S. C., Green, M. L. H. et al., Filling carbon nanotubes with small palladium metal crystallites: The effect of surface acid groups, Chem. Commu., 1995, 1355.

  23. Hiura, H., Ebbesen, T. W., Tanigaki, K., Opening and purification of carbon nanotubes in high yields, Adv. Mater., 1995, 7: 275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Liu, J., Rinzler, A. G., Smalley, R. E. et al., Fullerene pipes, Science, 1998, 280: 1253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Wong, S. S., Joselevich, E., Lieber, C. M. et al., Covalently functionalized nanotubes as nanometer-sized probes in chemistry and biology, Nature, 1998, 394: 52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Wong, S. S., Woolley, A. T., Lieber, C. M. et al., Covalently functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube probe tips for chemical force microscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120(33): 8557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Chen, Y., Haddon, R. C., Smalley, R. E. et al., Chemical attachment of organic functional groups to single-walled carbon nanotube materials, J. Mater. Res., 1998, 13(9): 2423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Chen, J., Hamon, M. A., Haddon, R. C. et al., Solution properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Science, 1998, 282: 95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Chen, Y., Chen, J., Haddon, R. C. et al., Solution-phase EPR studies of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1999, 299: 532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Niyogi, S., Hu, H., Haddon, R. C. et al., Chromatographic purification of soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123(4): 733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Hamon, M. A., Chen, J., Haddon, R. C. et al., Dissolution of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Adv. Mater., 1999, 11: 834.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Chen, J., Rao, A. M., Haddon, R. C. et al., Dissolution of full-length single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2001, 105(13): 2525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Riggs, J. E., Guo, Z. X., Sun, Y. P. et al., Strong luminescence of solubilized carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122: 5879.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Czerw, R., Guo, Z. X., Carroll, D. L. et al., Organization of polymers onto carbon nanotubes: A route to nanoscale assembly, Nano Lett., 2001, 1(8): 423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Sun, Y., Wilson, S. R., Schuster, D. I., High dissolution and strong light emission of carbon nanotubes in aromatic amine solvents, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123(22): 5348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Liu, Z. F., Shen, Z. Y., Zhu, T. et al., Organizing single-walled carbon nanotubes on gold using a wet chemical self-assembling technique, Langmuir, 2000, 16(8): 3569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Wu, B., Zhang, J., Liu, Z. F. et al., Chemical alignment of oxidatively shortened single-walled carbon nanotubes on sliver surface, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2001, 105: 5075.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Mickelson, E. T., Huffman, C. B., Margrave, J. L. et al., Fluorination of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1998, 296: 188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Mickelson, E. T., Chiang, I. W., Margrave, J. L. et al., Solvation of fluorinated single-wall carbon nanotubes in alcohol solvents, J. Phys. Chem. B, 1999, 103: 4318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Boul, P. J., Liu, J., Smalley, R. E. et al., Reversible sidewalls functionalization of buckytubes, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1999, 310: 367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Curran, S. A., Ajayan, P. M., Blau, W. J. et al., A composite from poly (m-phenylenevinylene-co-2,5-dioctoxy-p-phenylenevinylene) and carbon nanotubes: A novel material for molecular optoelectronics, Adv. Mater., 1998, 10(14): 1091.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Coleman, J. N., Dalton, A. B., Curran, S. et al., Phase separation of carbon nanotubes and turbostratic graphite using a functional organic polymer, Adv. Mater., 2000, 12(3): 213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Star, A., Stoddart, J. F., Steuerman, D. et al., Preparation and properties of polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed, 2001, 40(9): 1721.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Tang, B. Z., Xu, H. Y., Preparation, alignment, and optical properties of soluble poly(phenylacetylene)-wrapped carbon nanotubes, Macromolecules, 1999, 32: 2569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Fan, J. H., Wan, M. X., Zhu, D. B. et al., Synthesis, characterizations, and physical properties of carbon nanotubes coated by conducting polypyrrole, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 1999, 74(11): 2605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Fan, J. H., Wan, M. X., Zhu, D. B. et al., Synthesis and properties of carbon nanotube polypyrrole composites, Synthetic Metals, 1999, 102: 1266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Huang, S. M., Mau, A. W. H., Dai, L. M. et al., Patterned growth of well-aligned carbon nanotubes: A soft-lithographic approach, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2000, 104: 2193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Gao, M., Huang, S. M., Dai, L. M. et al., Aligned coaxial nanowires of carbon nanotube sheathed with conducting polymers, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2000, 39(20): 3664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Chen, Q. D., Dai, L. M., Gao, M. et al., Plasma activation of carbon nanotubes for chemical modification, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2001, 105: 618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Balavoine, F., Schultz, P., Mioskowski, C. et. al., Helical crystallization of proteins on carbon nanotubes: A first step towards the development of new biosensors, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1999, 38: 1912.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Chen, R. J., Zhang, Y. G., Dai, H. J. et al., Noncovalent sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for protein immobilization, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123: 3838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100080, Beijing, China

    Liu Luqi, Guo Zhixin, Dai Liming & Zhu Daoben

Authors
  1. Liu Luqi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Guo Zhixin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dai Liming
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zhu Daoben
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guo Zhixin.

About this article

Cite this article

Liu, L., Guo, Z., Dai, L. et al. Organic modification of carbon nanotubes. Chin.Sci.Bull. 47, 441–447 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1360/02tb9102

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1360/02tb9102

Keywords

Search

Navigation