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Diagenesis of Dioctahedral and Trioctahedral Smectites from Alternating Beds in Miocene to Pleistocene Rocks of the Niigata Basin, Japan

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Clays and Clay Minerals

Abstract

Clay mineral diagenesis in the Niigata basin is documented by mineralogical and chemical analysis of clay minerals from cuttings from the Shinkumoide SK-1D (SSK-1D) well which is characterized by alternating beds containing dioctahedral and trioctahedral smectite minerals with increasing depth. Dioctahedral smectite shows a progressive increase in illite interstratification with increasing depth. The transition of dioctahedral smectite to interstratified illite-smectite (I-S) is supported chemically by an increase in K and Al and a decrease in Si with increasing depth. In contrast, trioctahedral smectite (saponite) reacts to form a 1:1 interstratified chlorite-smectite (C-S) with increasing burial depth and temperature. Considering the geology and the occurrence of smectite, the SSK-1D smectites probably altered diagenetically from two different parent materials: dioctahedral smectite is derived from clastic sediments and transforms to interstratified illite-smectite, whereas trioctahedral smectite is derived from andesitic pyroclastic rocks and transforms to interstratified chlorite-smectite.

The C-S occurs at the same depth of ~3200 m as the conversion of randomly interstratified (R = 0) I-S to (R = 1) I-S. Furthermore, the depth is compatible with a Tmax temperature of 430-435°C, which indicates the starting temperature for oil generation from organic matter. The temperature of the conversion of (R = 0) I-S to (R = 1) I-S and the start of corrensite formation is estimated at 110-120°C based on the time-temperature model suggested by others. The clay-mineral diagenesis in the SSK-1D further suggests that I-S and C-S can act as geothermometers in clastic and pyroclastic sediments provided that the effect of time is considered.

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Author notes

  1. Takahisa Yoshimura

    Present address: , Present address: 7910-22, 2-No-Cho, Ikarashi, Niigata, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), 30, Kajungdong, Yusungku, Taejon, Korea

    Byeong-Kook Son

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Niigata University, Ikarashi-2, Niigata, Japan

    Takahisa Yoshimura

  3. Exploration Department, Japan Petroleum Exploration Co. Ltd, Higashi-Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan

    Hikaru Fukasawa

Authors
  1. Byeong-Kook Son
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  2. Takahisa Yoshimura
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  3. Hikaru Fukasawa
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Correspondence to Byeong-Kook Son.

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Son, BK., Yoshimura, T. & Fukasawa, H. Diagenesis of Dioctahedral and Trioctahedral Smectites from Alternating Beds in Miocene to Pleistocene Rocks of the Niigata Basin, Japan. Clays Clay Miner. 49, 333–346 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490407

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490407

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