Abstract
The adsorption-condensation of olefins was studied on 7 adsorbents: 2 commercial clays, a natural clay and its protonated form, γ-alumina and porous and nonporous silicas. These adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and determination of specific surface area measurement by the BET method. The experiments were carried out gravimetrically, in gas- or vapor-solid systems, at 25 °C and on adsorbents dried at 120 °C. Adsorption-condensation of olefins are fast processes, diffusion controlled. Alumina and silicas adsorb olefins and paraffins only reversibly, but are unable to condense olefins. The water polarized by the countercations is the source of Brønsted acid sites. When the gas phase is evacuated or swept with inert gas, the condensation terminates. On clays, paraffins are reversibly adsorbed but no condensation was observed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Breen C, Deane AT, Flynn JJ. 1987a. Vapor-phase sorption kinetics for methanol, propan-2-ol, and 2-methyl propan-2-ol on Al3+-, Cr3+-, and Fe3+-exchanged montmorillonite. Clays Clay Miner 35:336–342.
Breen C, Deane AT, Flynn JJ. 1987b. Vapor-phase sorption kinetics for tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, and 1,4-diox-an by Al3+- and Cr3+-exchanged montmorillonite. Clays Clay Miner 35:343–346.
Choren E, Moronta A, Huerta L, Meyer A. 1996. Comparative study of a Venezuelan clay. Rev Téc Ing Univ Zulia 19.2:107–118.
Gonzo EE.’ 1982. A rapid and accurate gravimetric technique for measuring the specific surface areas of porous solids. Appl Catal 2:359–362.
Grim RE, Kulbicki G. 1961. Montmorillonite: High temperature reactions and classification. Am Mineral 46:1329–1368.
Little LH. 1966. Infrared spectra of adsorbed species. London: Academic Pr. 345 p.
Lunsford JH. 1968. Surface interactions of NaY and deca-tionated Y zeolites with nitric oxide as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Phys Chem 72:4163–4168.
Mortland MM, Fripiat JJ, Chaussidon J, Uytterhoeven J. 1963. Interaction between ammonia and the expanding lattices of montmorillonite and vermiculite. J Phys Chem 67:248–258.
Schilling MR. 1990. Effects of sample size and packing in the thermogravimetric analysis of calcium montmorillonite Stx-1. Clays Clay Miner 38:556–558.
Stevens MP. 1975. Polymer chemistry: An introduction. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. p 137–139.
Tarasevich YI. 1988. Acidic properties of water bound to the surfaces of mineral ion-exchangers. Theor Eksp Khim 24:590–598 (in Russian). CA 110. 293333m.
Tennakoon DTB, Schlögl R, Rayment T, Klinowski J, Jones W, Thomas JM. 1983. The characterization of clay-organic systems. Clay Miner 18:357–371.
Vogel AP, O’Connor CT, Kojima M. 1990. Thermogravimetric analysis of the iso-butene oligomerization activity of various forms of synthetic mica-montmorillonite. Clay Miner 25:355–362.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Choren, E., Moronta, A., Varela, G. et al. Condensation of Olefins on Clays. Gas-Solid Systems. Part I: Gravimetric Methods. Clays Clay Miner. 45, 213–220 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450209
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450209