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Zeolite Mineral Reactions in a Tuff in the Laney Member of the Green River Formation, Wyoming

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Clays and Clay Minerals

Abstract

Two diagenetic stages of zeolitic alteration were recognized in a study of a thin bed of rhyolitic ash that was deposited in Eocene Lake Gosiute (Laney Member of the Green River Formation). The ash bed can be traced for 30 km along strike and represents a single volcanic event. The bed was not buried deeply (<100°C), and originally it was compositionally homogeneous. Initially, the bed altered to clino-ptilolite, heulandite, an intermediate phase between these two zeolites, and mordenite. These early reactions involved the hydration and solution of glass by saline, alkaline solutions and the subsequent precipitation of zeolites. The variation in zeolite mineralogy is due to differences in interstitial fluid chemistry that resulted from either fluctuations in lake-water chemistry or the proximity of spring discharge. These reactions, exclusive of the addition of H2O, involved only minor amounts of mass transfer over very small distances. Later, after burial, the early-formed zeolites reacted with upward moving sodium carbonate brines that were produced by dewatering of underlying evaporite deposits. The sodium carbonate brines, in equilibrium with trona and nahcolite, elevated the activity of Na+ and produced analcime. These later dehydration reactions involved significant mass transfer.

Резюме

Две диагенетические стадий цеолитовой перемены были найдены при исследовании тонкого слоя риолитового попела, который был осажден в эоценовом озере Госют (член Ляней форматции Зеленой Реки). Слой попела может прослеживаться на расстоянии 30 км вдоль местонахождения и является представителем одного вульканического события. Этот слой не был погребен глубоко (<100°C) и первоначально был гомогеническим по составу. Сначала слой изменился в клиноптилолит, голандит, промежуточную фазу между этими двумя цеолитами, и морденит. Ранние реакции включали в себя пидратацию и растворение стекла соляновыми, щелочными растворами, а также последующее осаждение цеолитов. Изменение минералогии цеолитов происходило благодаря разницам в химии трещинных жидкостей, что было результатом флуктуации химии озерных вод или близкости весенних опадов. Эти реакции, исключая добавление H2O, включали только незначительные количества переноса массы на очень малые расстояния. Позднее, после погребения, первоначально образованные цеолиты реагировали с всходящими потоками соляновых растворов карбонатов натрия, которые были продуктом отводнения расположенных ниже осадков эвапорита. Соляновые растворы карбонатов натрия в равновесии с троной и нахколитом увеличили активность Na+ и образовали анальцим. Эти поздние реакции дегидратации включали значительный перенос массы. [E.C.]

Resümee

Bei einer Untersuchung einer dünnen rhyolithischen Aschenlage, die im eozänen Lake Gosiute (Laney Schicht der Green River Formation) abgelagert wurde, wurden zwei diagenetische Stadien der Zeolithumwandlung beobachtet. Die Aschenlage kann über eine Strecke von 30 km verfolgt werden und stellt ein einziges vulkanisches Ereignis dar. Die Lage wurde nicht sehr überlagert (<100°C) und hatte ursprünglich eine homogene Zusammensetzung. Zu Beginn wurde die Lage in Klinoptilolith, Heulandit und in ein Zwischenglied dieser beiden Zeolithe sowie in Mordenit umgewandelt. Diese frühen Reaktionen beinhalteten die Hydratation und Auflösung des Glases durch saline alkalische Lösungen und die darauf folgende Ausfällung der Zeolithe. Die Variation der Zeolithe hängt mit dem unterschiedlichen Chemismus der Porenlösung zusammen, der entweder durch Schwankungen im Chemismus des Seewassers hervorgerufen wurde oder durch die Nähe von Quellen. Diese Reaktionen bedeuten, mit Ausnahme der H2O-Zufuhr, nur einen geringen Stofftransport über sehr kleine Entfernungen. Später, nach der Überdeckung, reagierten die früher gebildeten Zeolithe mit aufsteigenden Natriumkarbonat-Lösungen, die durch die Entwässerung der darunterliegenden Evaporitablagerungen entstanden sind. Die Natriumkarbonat-Lösungen, die im Gleichgewicht mit Trona und Nahcolith sind, erhöhten die Na+-Aktivität, und führten zur Bildung von Analcim. Diese späteren Dehydratationsreaktionen beinhalten einen erheblichen Stofftransport. [U.W.]

Résumé

Deux étapes diagénétiques d’altération zéolitique ont été reconnues au cours de l’étude d’un mince lit de cendres rhyolitiques déposé dans le Lac Gosiute éocène (Membre Laney de la Formation Green River). La couche de cendres peut être tracée pendant 30 km suivant sa direction et représente un seul évènement volcanique. La couche n’est pas ensevelie profondément (<100°C), et était à l’origine de composition homogène. Initialement, la couche s’était altérée en clinoptilolite, heulandite, une phase intermédiaire entre ces deux zéolites, et en mordénite. Ces réactions précoces impliquaient l’hydration et la solution du verre par des solutions salines, alkalines, et la précipitation ultérieure de zéolites. La variation minéralogique de la zéolite est due à des différences dans la chimie du fluide interstitial résultant soit de fluctuations de la chimie de l’eau du lac, soit de la proximité de la décharge d’une source. Ces réactions, excluant l’addition d’H2O, n’impliquaient que de petites quantités de transfert en masse sur de très petites distances. Plus tard, après l’enterrement, les zéolites formées précocément ont réagi avec des saumures de carbonate de sodium ascendantes, qui avaient été produites par la perte d’eau de dépôts d’évaporites sousjacents. Les saumures de carbonate de sodium, en équilibre avec trona et nahcolite, ont élevé l’activité de Na+ et ont produit l’analcime. Ces réactions de déshydration tardives impliquaient un transfert en masse significatif. [D.J.]

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Ratterman, N.G., Surdam, R.C. Zeolite Mineral Reactions in a Tuff in the Laney Member of the Green River Formation, Wyoming. Clays Clay Miner. 29, 365–377 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1981.0290506

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1981.0290506

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