Skip to main content
Log in

Natural Occurrence of Feroxyhite (δ′-FeOOH)

  • Published:
Clays and Clay Minerals

Abstract

Feroxyhite (δ′-FeOOH) in association with goethite and lepidocrocite was found as a dominant mineral in some rusty precipitates from Finland. These precipitates formed in the interstices of sand grains from rapidly flowing, Fe(II)-containing water which was very quickly oxidized as it flowed through the sediment. The mineral is distinguished from other FeOOH forms and from ferrihydrite mainly by its X-ray powder diffractogram. Further characteristics are an acicular morphology (possibly thin, rolled plates), an internal magnetic field at 4°K of ∼510 kOe, Fe-OH stretching bands at ∼2900 cm−1 and Fe-OH bending bands at 1110, 920, 790, and 670 cm−1, and an oxalate solubility between ferrihydrite and goethite or lepidocrocite. Feroxyhites with very similar properties were synthesized by oxidation of an Fe(II) solution with H2O2 at a pH between 5 and 8.

Резюме

Фероксигит (δ′-FeOOH) в ассоциации с гетитом и лепидокроцитом оказался преобладающим минералом в ожелезненных осадках из Финляндии. Эти осадки отложились между зернами песка из быстротекущей воды, содержащей Fe(II), которая очень быстро окислялась при прохождении через эти отложения. Этот минерал отличается от других форм FeOOH и от ферригидрита в основном своей рентгеновской порошковой дифрактограммой. Добавочными характеристиками являются игольчатая морфология (возможно тонкие свернутые пластинки), внутреннее магнитное поле, которое при 4°К составляет 510 кОе, растянутые полосы Fe-OH при ~2900 cm−1 и сгибающиеся полосы Ре-ОН при 1110, 920, 790, и 670 cm−1, и оксалатная растворимость между ферригидритом и гетитом или лепидокроцитом. Фероксигит с очень похожими свойствами был синтезирован окислением раствора Fe(II) с помощью H2O2 при pH между 5 и 8. [N.R.]

Resümee

Feroxyhit (δ′-FeOOH) wurde, vergesellschaftet mit Goethit und Lepidokrokit, als dominierender Bestandteil ockerfarbener Ausfällungen in Finnland gefunden. Er hat sich durch schnelle Oxidation Fe-haltiger Wässer in porösen sandigen Sedimenten gebildet. Das Mineral unterscheidet sich von den anderen FeOOH-Formen und vom Ferrihydrit hauptsächlich durch sein Röntgendiagramm. Weitere Kennzeichen sind eine nadelige Kristallform (vermutlich aufgerollte dünne Blättchen), ein inneres Magnetfeld bei 4°K von 510 kOe, Fe-OH-Valenzschwingungen bei 2900 cm−1 und Fe-OH-Knickschwingungen bei 1100, 920, 790, und 670 cm−1 und eine Oxalatlöslichkeit zwischen Ferrihydrit und Lepidokrokit und Goethit. Feroxyhite mit sehr ähnlichen Eigenschaften wurden durch Oxidation von Fe(II)-Lösungen mit H2O2 bei pH 5–8 synthetisiert.

Résumé

On a trouvé que la feroxyhite (δ′-FeOOH) associé à la goethite et la lepidocrocite était un minéral dominant dans quelques precipitées rouillés de Finlande. Ces précipités s’aient formés dans les interstices de grains de sable, à partir d’eau contenant du Fe(II) s’écoulant rapidement, et qui etait très vite oxidée tandis qu’elle coulait à travers le sédiment. Ce minéral peut principalement être distingué d’autres formes de FeOOH et de la ferrihydrite par son diffractogramme aux rayons-X. D’autres caractéristiques sont une morphologie aciculaire (possiblement de fines plaques enroulées), un champ magnétique interne à 4°K d’ ∼510 kOe, des bandes d’étirement Fe-OH à ∼2900 cm−1 et des bandes de courbure à 1110, 920, 790, et 670 cm−1, et une solubilité oxalate entre la ferrihydrite et la goethite ou la lepidocrocite. Des feroxyhites ayant des propriétés très semblables ont été synthetisées par oxidation d’une solution Fe(II) avec du H2O2 à un pH entre 5 et 8. [D.J.]

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bernal, J. D., Dasgupta, D. R., and Mackay, A. L. (1959) The oxides and hydroxides of iron and their structural inter-relationships: Clay Miner. Bull. 4, 15–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, L., Koljonen, T., Lahermo, P., and Rosenberg, R. J. (1977) Case study of a manganese and iron precipitate in a groundwater discharge in Somero, southwestern Finland: Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland 49, 159–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, L. and Schwertmann, U. (1980) Natural ferrihy-drites of Finnish surface deposits and their association with silica: (in preparation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chukhrov, F. V., Zvyagin, B. B., Gorshkov, A. I., Yermilova, L. P., Korovushkin, V. V., Rudnitskaya, Ye. S., and Ya-kubovskaya, N. Yu. (1977) Feroxyhyte, a new modification of FeOOH: Int. Geol. Rev. 19, 873–890.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chukhrov, F. V., Zvyagin, B., Yermilova, L. P., and Gorshkov, A, I. (1973) New data on iron oxides in the weathering zone: in Proc. Int. Clay Conf. Madrid, 1972, J. M. Serratosa, ed., Div. Ciencias C.S.I.C., Madrid, 397–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta, D. R. (1961) Topotactic transformations in iron oxides and hydroxides: Indian J. Phys. 35, 401–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feitknecht, W., Giovanoli, R., Michaelis, W., and Müller, M. (1973) Über die Hydrolyse von Eisen(III) Salzlösungen. I. Die Hydrolyse der Lösungen von Eisen(III)chlorid: Helv, Chim. Acta 56, 2847–2856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feitknecht, W., Häni, H., and Dvorak, V. (1969) The mechanism of the transformation of 8-FeOOH to a-FezCy in Reactivity of Solids, J. W. Mitchell, R. C. De Vries, R. W. Roberts, and P. Cannon, eds., Wiley, New York, 237–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Francombe, M. H. and Rooksby, H. P. (1959) Structure transformations effected by the dehydration of diaspore, goethite and delta ferric oxide: Clay Miner. Bull. 4, 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glemser, O. and Gwinner, E. (1939) Über eine neue ferro-magnetische Modifikation des Eisen(III)-Oxydes: Z. An-org. Chem. 240, 163–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehra, O. P. and Jackson, M. L. (1960) Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate: Clays & Clay Minerals 7, 317–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Misawa, T., Suëtaka, W., and Shimodaira, S. (1970) Formation of iron oxide and oxyhydroxides and aqueous solutions and their physical properties: Zairyo 19, 537–542.

    Google Scholar 

  • Povitskii, V. A., Makarov, E. F., Murashko, N. V., and Sa-lugin, A. N. (1976) Mössbauer study of superparamagnetic S-FeOOH and its transformation into a-Fe2O3: Phys. Status Solidi (A) 33, 783–787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J. D. (1979) Infrared spectroscopy of ferrihydrite: evidence for the presence of structural hydroxy! groups: Clay Miner. 14, 109–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwertmann, U. (1964) Differenzierung der Eisenoxide des Bodens durch Extraktion mit Ammoniumoxalat-Lösung: Z. Pflanzenernähr. Düng. Bodenk. 105, 194–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwertmann, U. and Fischer, W. R. (1973) Natural “amorphous” ferric hydroxide: Geoderma 10, 237–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwertmann, U., Fischer, W. R., and Papendorf, H. (1968) The influence of organic compounds on the formation of iron oxides: Trans. 9th Int. Congr. Soil Sci. Adelaide 1, 645–655.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwertmann, U., Fitzpatrick, R. W., Taylor, R. M., and Lewis, D. G. (1979) The influence of aluminum on iron oxides. Part II. Preparation and properties of Al-substituted hematites: Clays & Clay Minerals 27, 105–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwertmann, U. und Heinemann, B. (1959) Über das Vorkommen und die Entstehung von Maghemit in nordwestdeutschen Böden: Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Monatsh. 8, 174–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwertmann, U. and Taylor, R. M. (1979) Natural and synthetic poorly crystallized lepidocrocite: Clay Miner. 14, 285–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwertmann, U. and Thalmann, H. (1976) The influence of [Fe(II)], [Si], and pH on the formation of lepidocrocite and ferrihydrite during oxidation of aqueous FeCl2 solutions: Clay Miner. 11, 189–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Carlson, L., Schwertmann, U. Natural Occurrence of Feroxyhite (δ′-FeOOH). Clays Clay Miner. 28, 272–280 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1980.0280405

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1980.0280405

Key Words

Navigation