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An Interpretation of Cation Selectivity Variations in M+−M+ Exchange on Clays

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Clays and Clay Minerals

Abstract

The decreasing preference of montmorillonite for K+ relative to Na+ as the clay adsorbs increasing amounts of K+ is shown to be the general rule for the exchange of strongly hydrating ions by weakly hydrating ions. Variability in the mass-action selectivity coefficient is interpreted in terms of a composition-dependent surface entropy, which is a function of the chemical properties of the exchanging ion as well as the nature of the adsorption sites. The generally used mass-action form of exchange equation may only be applicable to exchange systems in which both ions have solution-like mobility at the exchanger surface. It is suggested that experimental variables such as ionic strength can greatly influence the degree of fit of data to a given ion-exchange equation.

Резюме

Показано, что уменьшающееся предпочтение монтмориллонита к K+ относительно Na+ в процессе адсорбции глиной увеличивающихся количеств К+ является общим правилом обмена сильно гидратирующих ионов на слабо гидрирующие ионы. Изменчивость коэффициента селективности действующих масс объясняется зависимой от состава поверхностной энтропией, которая является функцией химических свойств обменного иона, а также природы мест адсорбции. Обычно используемая форма уравнения обмена действующих масс может бытьприменена только к обменным системам, в которых оба иона имеют растворо-подобную подвижность на поверхности обмен-ника. Предполагается, что экспериментальные переменные такие как ионная сила могут сильно повлиять на степень соответствия полученных величин данному уравнению обмена ионов.

Resümee

Es wird gezeigt, daß die abnehmende Bevorzugung des Montmorillonites für K+ im Vergleich zu Na+, obwohl der Ton zunehmende Mengen an K+ adsorbiert, die allgemeine Regel für den Austausch stark hydratisierender Ionen gegen schwach hydratisierende Ionen ist. Die Schwankung des Massenwir-kungs Selektivitätskoeffizienten wird als eine von der Zusammensetzung abhängende Oberflächenentropie interpretiert, die eine Funktion der chemischen Eigenschaften des austauschenden Ions ist und von der Art der Adsorptionsstelle abhängt. Die im allgemeinen verwendete Austauschgleichung auf Basis des Massenwirkungsgesetzes kann nur bei Austauschsystemen angewendet werden, in denen beide Ionenarten eine lösungsähnliche Beweglichkeit auf der Austauscheroberfläche haben. Es ist anzunehmen, daß experimentelle Variable, wie z.B. die Ionenstärke, den Grad des Zutreffens von Daten auf eine gegebene Ionenaustauschgleichung stark beeinflussen können.

Résumé

On a montré que la préférence décroissante de la montmorillonite pour K+ par rapport à Na+ à fur et à mesure que l’argile adsorbe des quantités croissantes de K+ est la règle générale pour l’échange des ions fortement hydratants par les ions faiblement hydratants. La variété du coefficient de sélectivité d’action massive est interprétée en termes d’une entropie de surface dépendante de la composition, qui est une fonction des propriétés chimiques de l’ion en échange aussi bien que de la nature des sites d’adsorption. L’équation d’échange sous forme d’action massive généralement utilisée peut seulement être appliquée à des systèmes d’échange dans pesquels les deux ions ont une mobilité de solution à la surface d’échange. On suggère que les variables telles la force ionique peut fortement influencer le degré d’ajustement de données à une équation d’échange d’ions donnée.

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McBride, M.B. An Interpretation of Cation Selectivity Variations in M+−M+ Exchange on Clays. Clays Clay Miner. 27, 417–422 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1979.0270604

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