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Iron Oxidation and Reduction Effects on Structural Hydroxyl and Layer Charge in Aqueous Suspensions of Micaceous Vermiculites

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Clays and Clay Minerals

Abstract

Four Na2S2O4-reduced Na-vermiculites, each with some trioctahedral mica interstratified, were oxidized with H2O2 at pH 6·5 and again reduced with Na2S2O4 in suspensions at pH 7·5–8·0. The layer charge (CEC + K+), measured at pH 6·50, did not change significantly when octahedral Fe was oxidized (7–92 mmole 100g−1) or reduced (6–71 mmole 100 g−1). Electroneutrality was maintained within the octahedral sheet when Fe was oxidized or reduced. When Fe(II) was oxidized, electroneutrality was maintained by deprotonation of octahedral OH groups,

$${\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {II} \right)} \right]}_2}M{g_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}}\leftrightarrows{\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {III} \right)} \right]}_2}M{g_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_2}O_2^*} \right\}^ {\pm 0}} + 2{e^ - } + 2{H^ + }$$
((a))

and by ejection of (dissolution of structural) octahedral metallic cations,

$${\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {II} \right)} \right]}_5}Mg{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}} \rightarrow {\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {III} \right)} \right]}_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}} + 5{e^ - } + F{e^{3 + }} + M{g^{2 + }}.$$
((b))

When Fe(III) was reduced, electroneutrality was maintained by reprotonation of the deprotonated sites (O*, equation a). Reaction (b) was not reversible. Thus, reversibility of the reaction, Fe(II) ⇄ Fe(HIX within the octahedral sheet decreased with increasing amount of ejected metallic cations. The amount of Fe(III) and Mg2+ ejected per Fe(II) oxidized was related to the degree of vermiculitization, being greatest with Na-degraded biotite [0·03 Fe3+ and 0·11 Mg2+ per Fe(II) oxidized] and lowest (nearly zero) with South African vermiculite. The number of deprotonated (O*) and reversible sites increased from 0·69 per Fe(II) oxidized with the K-depleted biotite to approximately 1·0 with South African vermiculite. The weathering increment was small since, of the total amount of Fe + Mg, less than 1·3 per cent was ejected from any of the four vermiculitic materials. When biotite was K-depleted, about 20 m-equiv of layer charge per 100g (300°C basis) was lost, while 51 mmole of Fe(II) per 100g was oxidized in the presence of Na2S2O4 and 82 mmoles in its absence in the aqueous suspensions. Since sequential reduction-oxidation-reduction treatments of K-depleted biotite and mica-containing vermiculites did not cause significant changes in layer charge (r2 = 0·04), the layer charge changes were concluded to be entirely independent of the oxidation or reduction of Fe in these minerals.

Résumé

Quatre vermiculites Na réduites par Na2S2O4, contenant chacune un mica trioctaédrique interstratifié, ont été oxydées par H2O2 à pH 6,5 et de nouveau réduites par Na2S2O4 en suspension à pH 7,5–8,0. La charge du feuillet (CEC + Ke) mesurée à pH 6,50 ne change pas significativement quand Fe octaédrique est oxydé (7–92 mmol 100g−1) et réduit (6–71 mmol 100 g−1). L’électroneutralité est maintenue à l’intérieur de la couche octaédrique quand Fe est oxydé ou réduit. Quand Fe(II) est oxydé, l’électroneutralité est maintenue par déprotonation de groupes OH octaédriques,

$${\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {II} \right)} \right]}_2}M{g_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}}\leftrightarrows{\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {III} \right)} \right]}_2}M{g_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_2}O_2^*} \right\}^ {\pm 0}} + 2{e^ - } + 2{H^ + }$$
((a))

et par éjection (dissolution) de cations métalliques octaédriques du réseau,

$${\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {II} \right)} \right]}_5}Mg{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}} \rightarrow {\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {III} \right)} \right]}_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}} + 5{e^ - } + F{e^{3 + }} + M{g^{2 + }}$$
((b))

Quand Fe(lII) est réduit, l’électroneutralité est maintenue par reprotonation des sites déprotonés [0* équation (a)] La réaction (b) n’est pas réversible.

Ainsi, la réversibilité de la réaction Fe(II) ⇆ Fe(III) à l’intérieur de la couche octaédrique diminue quand augmente la quantité de cations métalliques éjectés. La quantité de Fe(III) et Mg2 éjectés, par Fe(II) oxydé, est reliée au degré de vermiculitisation; elle est la plus grande avec la biotite dégradée Na (0,03 Fe3+ et 0,11 Mg2+ par Fe(II) oxydé) et la plus petite (environ zéro) avec la vermiculite d’Afrique du Sud. Le nombre de sites déprotonés (0*) et réversibles augmente de 0,69 par Fe(II) oxydé avec la biotite appauvrie en K, à environ 1,0 avec la vermiculite d’Afrique du Sud. L’incrément d’altération est petit, puisque, sur la quantité totale de Fe + Mg, moins de 1,3 pour cent a été éjecté de chacun des 4 matériaux vermiculitiques. Quand la biotite est appauvrie en K., environ 20 m-equiv de charge du feuillet par 100 g (référence 300°C) disparaissent, tandis que sont oxydées 51 mmoles de Fe(II) par 100 g en présence de Na2S2O4 et 82 mmoles en l’absence de ce réactif, en suspension aqueuse. Puisque les traitements répétés réduction-oxydation-réduction de la biotite appauvrie en K et des vermiculites contenant du mica, n’entraînent pas de changements significatifs dans la charge du feuillet (r2 = 0,04) on en a conclu que les modifications de charge du feuillet sont entièrement indépendantes de l’oxydation et de la réduction de Fe dans les minéraux.

Kurzreferat

Vier Na2S2O4-reduzierte Na-Vermiculite, alle in Wechsellagerung mit etwas trioktaedrischem Glimmer, wurden bei pH 6,5 mit H2O2 oxidiert und in Suspension bei pH 7,5–8,0 mit Na2S2O4 wieder reduziert. Die Schichtladung (AK + K), gemessen bei pH 6,50, zeigte keine deutliche Veränderung, wenn das oktaedrische Fe oxidiert (7–92 mmol 100g) oder reduziert (6–71 mmol 100 g) wurde. Bei Oxidation und Reduktion des Eisens in der Oktaederschicht wurde die Elektroneutralität aufrecht erhalten. Bei der Oxidation von Fe(II) wurde die Elektroneutralität durch Deprotonierung der oktaedrischen OH-Gruppen,

$${\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {II} \right)} \right]}_2}M{g_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}}\leftrightarrows{\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {III} \right)} \right]}_2}M{g_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_2}O_2^*} \right\}^ {\pm 0}} + 2{e^ - } + 2{H^ + }$$
((a))

und durch Abgabe (Lösung) von metallischen Gitterkationen aus Oktaederposition,

$${\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {II} \right)} \right]}_5}Mg{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}} \rightarrow {\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {III} \right)} \right]}_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}} + 5{e^ - } + F{e^{3 + }} + M{g^{2 + }}$$
((b))

gewahrt.

Wenn Fe(III) reduziert wurde, wurde die Elektroneutralität durch Reprotonierung der deprotonierten Gitterplätze [0* in Gleichung (a)] bewirkt. Reaktion (b) war nicht reversibel. Doe Reversibilität der Reaktion Fe(II) ⇆ Fe(III) innerhalb der Oktaederschicht nahm somit mit steigender Menge abgegebener metallischer Kationen ab. Die je oxidiertes Fe(II) abgegebene Menge an Fe(III) und Mg2+ stand zum Grad der Vermiculitisierung in Beziehung und war bei durch Na umgewandeltem Biotit am größten (0,03 Fe3+ und 0,11 Mg2+ je oxidiertes Fe(II)) und bei Vermiculit Süd-Afrika am geringsten (nahezu 0). Die Zahl der deprotonierten (0*) und reversiblen Gitterplätze stieg von 0,69 je oxidiertes Fe(II) bei Biotit nach K-Freisetzung auf ungefähr 1,0 bei Vermiculit Süd-Afrika an. Die Zunahme der Verwitterung war gering, da von der Gesamtmenge an Fe + Mg weniger als 1,3 prozent von jeder der vier Vermiculitsubstanzen abgegeben wurde. Bei der K-Freisetzung aus Biotit gingen etwa 20 mval der Schichtladung je 100 g (bezogen auf bei 300°C behandeltes Material) verloren, während in den wässrigen Suspensionen 51 mmol Fe(II) 100 g−1 in Gegenwart und 82 mmol in Abwesenheit von Na2S2O4 oxidiert wurden. Da aufeinander folgende Reduktions-Oxidations-Reduktions-Behandlungen der K-freien Biotite und glimmerhaltigen Vermiculite keine signifikante Veränderung in der Schichtladung hervorriefen, r2 = 0,04) wurde geschlossen, daß die Veränderungen der Schichtladung in diesen Mineralen von der Oxidation oder Reduktion des Fe vollständig unabhängig sind.

Резюме

Четыре Nа-вермикулита с восстановленными №28204, каждый с пропластками триоктаэдральной слюды подвергали окислению в присутствии Н2O2 при рН 6,5, а затем вновь восстанавливали Na2S2O4 в суспензии при рН 7,5–8,0. Заряд слоев (СЕС + K+), изме-ренный при рН 6,5, почти что не изменился ни при окислении октаэдрального Fе (7–92 ммоль/100 г) ни при его восстановлении (6–71 ммоль/100 г). В октаэдральном листе при окислении или восстановлении Fе поддерживается электронейтральность. При окислении Fе(II), электро-нейтральность сохраняется путем потери протонов октаэдральных групп ОН (а),

$${\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {II} \right)} \right]}_2}M{g_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}}\leftrightarrows{\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {III} \right)} \right]}_2}M{g_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_2}O_2^*} \right\}^ {\pm 0}} + 2{e^ - } + 2{H^ + },$$
((a))

и путем выбрасывания (растворение структурных) октаэдральных металлических катионов, (b),

$${\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {II} \right)} \right]}_5}Mg{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}} \rightarrow {\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {III} \right)} \right]}_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}} + 5{e^ - } + F{e^{3 + }} + M{g^{2 + }}.$$
((b))

При восстановлении Fе(III), электронейтральность поддерживается репротонацией потерян-ных протонов (О*, уравнение а). Реакция (Ь) необратима. Таким образом, обратимость реакции, Fе(II) ⇄ Fе(III), в октаэдральном листе понижается с увеличением количества выброшенных металлических катионов. Количество Fе(III) и Мg2+, выбрасываемых окисленным Fе(II), зависит от степени вермикулитизации, происходящей больше всего в №-деградированном биотите [0,03 Fе3+ и 0,11 Мg2+ /окисленный Fе(II)] и меньше всего (почти что нуль) в южно-африканском вермикулите. Количество потерянных протонов (О*) и количество обратимых заложений повышается от 0,69 в Fе(II) окисленном биотитом с истощенным К до примерно 1,0 в южно-африканском вермикулите. Выветривание почти что было незаметно, так как из общего количества Fе + Мg менее, чем 1,3 процента было выброшено из каждого из четырех вермикулитов. При истощении К из биотита, примерно 20 м-экв заряда слоя на 100 г (базис 300°С) было потеряно, в то время как 51 ммоль Fе(II) на 100 г окислялось в присутствии Nа2S2O4 в водной суспензии и 82 ммоль при его отсутствии. Так как, последовательная обработка «восстановление-окисление-восстановление» биотита с истощенным K и верми- кулитов содержащих слюду не повела к заметным переменам в заряде слоя (r2 = 0,04), заклю-чили, что изменения зарядов слоев совершенно не зависят от окисления или восстановления Fе в этих материалах.

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Veith, J.A., Jackson, M.L. Iron Oxidation and Reduction Effects on Structural Hydroxyl and Layer Charge in Aqueous Suspensions of Micaceous Vermiculites. Clays Clay Miner. 22, 345–353 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1974.0220405

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