Abstract
The partial molar free energies, entropies and heat contents of the water in suspensions of Li-, Na-, and K-clay were measured relative to pure water by means of a tensiometer. This method of obtaining these thermodynamic properties is far more sensitive than the more common method utilizing adsorption isotherms and a form of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The partial molar free energy of the water decreased with time after stirring and increased rapidly upon stirring. This was taken as evidence that a gradual increase in the degree of orientation of water molecules associated with the clay particles occurred as the particles fell into the more random edge-to-surface thixotropic structure. The partial molar entropies and heat contents of the water in the suspensions were found to be less than those for pure water. Hence, this evidence also supported the postulate that an ordered water structure exists in the thixotropic suspensions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Buehrer, T. F. and Rose, M. S. (1943) Bound water in normal and puddled soils: Arizona Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100.
Campbell, R. B. (1952) Freezing point of water in puddled and unpuddled soils at different soil moisture tension values: Soil Sci., v. 73, pp. 221–229.
Conway, B. E. (1952) Electrochemical Data: Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, p. 44, 374 pp.
Croney, D. and Coleman, J. D. (1954) Soil structure in relation to soil suction: J. Soil Sci., v. 5, pp. 75–84.
Day, P. R. (1956) Effect of shear on water tension in saturated clay—II: Annual Report Calif, Agric. Exp. Sta. Project 1586.
Eriksson, Eri. (1950) The water-pressure relationship in bentonite gels: Ann. Soy. Agr. College of Sweden, v. 17, pp. 17–23.
Langmuir, I. (1938) The role of attractive and repulsive forces in the formation of tactoids, thixotropic gels, protein crystals and coacervates: J. Chem. Phys., v. 6, pp. 873–900.
Low, P. F. (1960) Viscosity of water in clay systems: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Pergamon Press, New York, v. 8, pp. 170–182.
Low, P. F. (1961) Influence of adsorbed water on exchangeable cation movement: These Proceedings.
Low, P. F. and Anderson, D. M. (1958a) The partial specific volume of water in bentonite suspensions: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., v. 22, pp. 22–24.
Low, P. F. and Anderson, D. M. (1958b) Osmotic pressure equations for determining thermodynamic properties of soil water: Soil Sci., v. 86, pp. 251–253.
Marshall, C. E. (1949) The Colloid Chemistry of the Silicate Minerals: Academic Press, Inc., New York, pp. 87–88. 195 pp.
Schofield, R. K. (1946) Ionic forces in thick films of liquid between charged surfaces: Trans. Faraday Soc., v. 42B, pp. 219–225.
Taylor, S. A. and Stewart, G. L. (1960) Some thermodynamic properties of soil water: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., v. 24, pp. 243–247.
van Olphen, H. (1956) Forces between suspended bentonite particles: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Natl. Acad. Sci.—Natl. Res. Council, pub. 456, pp. 204–224.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Published as Journal Paper 1838, Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. Contribution from the Agronomy Department.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kolaian, J.H., Low, P.F. Thermodynamic Properties of Water in Suspensions of Montmorillonite. Clays Clay Miner. 9, 71–84 (1960). https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1960.0090105
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1960.0090105