Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Base-Exchange: An Analytical Tool for Mixed-Layer Aggregates

  • Published:
Clays and Clay Minerals

    We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

    Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

Abstract

Base-exchange determinations were made on selected clays of the montmorillonite-illite group to test this method as an analytical tool for the analysis of mixed-layer aggregates. The relatively rapid manganese method developed by Bower and Truog was used and its precision determined on monodisperse, monomineralic fractions and monodisperse fractions of prepared mixtures of illite and montmorillonite. The particle size range 1-0.25 micron was chosen for all determinations exclusive of those on bulk samples.

To establish end members, determinations were made on a series of illites, finegrained muscovite and both natural and synthetic montmorillonites.

In order to test the validity of this method, determinations were made on mixed-layer aggregates on which illite-montmorillonite percentages had been determined by other workers using x-ray techniques and chemical analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bower, C. A., and Truog, E. (1940) Base-exchange capacity determination of soils and other materials: Ind. Eng. Chem. (Anal. Ed.), v. 12, p. 411–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, W. F. (1945) Diagnostic criteria for clay minerals: Am. Mineral., v. 30, p. 704–713.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, W. F. (1950) Interstratified growths in clays and clay-like minerals: Int. Congr. Soil Sci. Trans., v. 1, p. 421–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G., and MacEwan, D. M. C. (1951) X-ray diffraction by structures with random interstratification: In “X-ray identification and crystal structures of clay minerals,” Mineralogical Society of Great Britain Monograph, chap. 11, p. 266–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyal, R. S., and Hendricks, S. B. (1950) Total surface of clays in polar liquids as a characteristic index: Soil Sci., v. 69, p. 421–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Earley, J. W., Osthaus, B. B., and Milne, I. H. (1953) Purification and properties of montmorillonite: Am. Mineral., v. 38, p. 707–724.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, M. D. (1951) The importance of exchangeable magnesium and cation exchange capacity in the study of montmorillonitic clays: Am. Mineral, v. 36, p. 717–730.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grim, R. E. (1953) Clay Mineralogy: New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 384 p.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Grim, R. E., and Rowland, R. A. (1942) Differential thermal analysis of clay minerals and other hydrous materials: Am. Mineral., v. 27, p. 746–761, 801–818.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendricks, S. B., and Alexander, L. T. (1940) Semi-quantitative estimation of montmorillonite in clays: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., v. 5, p. 95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendricks, S. B., and Teller, E. (1942) X-ray interference in partially ordered layer lattices: J. Chem. Phys., v. 10, p. 147–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, P. F., Kulp, J. L., and Hamilton, P. K. (1949) Differential thermal analysis of reference clay mineral specimens: Am. Petrol. Inst. Proj. 49, Prelim. Report No. 3, 48 p.

  • Lewis, D. R. (1950) Base-exchange data: Am. Petrol. Inst. Proj. 49, Prelim. Report No. 7, Section 3, p. 91–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKenzie, R. C. (1952) A micro method for determination of cation-exchange: Clay Minerals Bulletin, v. 1, p. 203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehlig, J. P. (1939) Colormetric determination of manganese with periodate. A spectrophotometric study: Ind. Eng. Chem. (Anal. Ed.), v. 11, p. 274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mering, J. (1949) L’Interference des rayons X dans les systèmes à stratification desordonnée: Acta Cryst., v. 2, p. 371–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, C. S., and Hendricks, S. B. (1945) Minerals of the montmorillonite group, their origin and relation to soils and clays: U.S. Geol. Surv., PP 205-b, p. 23–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, C. E. (1952) Mineralogy and petrology of some Paleozoic clays of central Pennsylvania: Ph.D. Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, C. E. (1953) Mineralogy and petrology of some Ordovician K-bentonitcs and related limestones: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, v. 64, p. 921–944.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willard, H. H., and Greathouse, L. H. (1917) The colorimetric determination of manganese by oxidation with periodate: J. Am. Chem. Soc., v. 39, p. 2366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Ceramics, School of Mineral Industries, The Pennsylvania State University, USA

    W. C. Ormsby & L. B. Sand

  2. Engineering Research Department, Standard Oil Company, Indiana, USA

    W. C. Ormsby & L. B. Sand

Authors
  1. W. C. Ormsby
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. B. Sand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ormsby, W.C., Sand, L.B. Base-Exchange: An Analytical Tool for Mixed-Layer Aggregates. Clays Clay Miner. 2, 254–263 (1953). https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1953.0020121

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1953.0020121

Search

Navigation