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What is the Risk for Peritoneal Metastases and Survival Afterwards in T4 Colon Cancers?

  • Colorectal Cancer
  • Published:
Annals of Surgical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Patients with T4 colon adenocarcinomas have an increased risk of peritoneal metastases (PM) but the histopathologic risk factors for its development are not well-described.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with PM, time to recurrence, and survival after recurrence among patients with T4 colon cancer.

Patients and Methods

Patients with pathologic T4 colon cancer who underwent curative resection from 2005 to 2017 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database and classified by recurrence pattern: (a) none – 68.8%; (b) peritoneal only – 7.9%; (c) peritoneal and extraperitoneal – 9.9%; and (d) extraperitoneal only – 13.2%. Associations between PM development and patient, primary tumor, and treatment factors were assessed.

Results

Overall, 151 patients were analyzed, with a median follow-up of 66.2 months; 27 patients (18%) developed PM (Groups B and C) and 20 (13%) patients recurred at non-peritoneal sites only (Group D). Median time to developing metastases was shorter for Groups B and C compared with Group D (B and C: 13.7 months; D: 46.7 months; p = 0.022). Tumor deposits (TDs) and nodal stage were associated with PM (p < 0.05), and TDs (p = 0.048) and LVI (p = 0.015) were associated with additional extraperitoneal recurrence. Eleven (41%) patients with PM underwent salvage surgery, and median survival after recurrence was associated with the ability to undergo cytoreduction (risk ratio 0.20, confidence interval 0.06–0.70).

Conclusion

PM risk after resection of T4 colon cancer is independently associated with factors related to lymphatic spread, such as N stage and TDs. Well-selected patients can undergo cytoreduction with long-term survival. These findings support frequent postoperative surveillance and aggressive early intervention, including cytoreduction.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Abhineet Uppal MD, Tsuyoshi Konishi MD, PhD, Sa Nguyen MS, Brian K. Bednarski MD, Yi-Qian N. You MD, MHSc & George J. Chang MD, MS

  2. Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA

    Beth Helmink MD, PhD

  3. Department of Surgery, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Travis E. Grotz MD

  4. Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Keith F. Fournier MD

  5. Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Melissa W. Taggart MD

  6. Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    John Paul Shen MD

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  1. Abhineet Uppal MD
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Correspondence to Abhineet Uppal MD.

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Abhineet Uppal, Beth Helmink, Travis E. Grotz, Tsuyoshi Konishi, Keith F. Fournier, Sa Nguyen, Melissa W. Taggart, John Paul Shen, Brian K. Bednarski, Yi-Qian N. You, and George J. Chang report no conflicts of interest related to the contents of this manuscript.

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Uppal, A., Helmink, B., Grotz, T.E. et al. What is the Risk for Peritoneal Metastases and Survival Afterwards in T4 Colon Cancers?. Ann Surg Oncol 29, 4224–4233 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-022-11472-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-022-11472-w

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