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Shape and Enhancement Characteristics of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor on Preoperative Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography May be Prognostic Indicators

  • Pancreatic Tumors
  • Published:
Annals of Surgical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Prognostic indicators of the malignant potential of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) are limited. We assessed tumor shape and enhancement pattern on contrast-enhanced computed tomography as predictors of malignant potential.

Methods

Sixty cases of PNET patients undergoing curative surgery from 2001 to 2014 were enrolled onto our retrospective study. Preoperative enhanced CTs were assessed, and criteria defined for regularly shaped and enhancing tumors (group 1), and irregularly shaped and/or enhancing tumors (group 2). The relation of tumor shape and enhancement pattern to outcome was assessed.

Results

Interobserver agreement was substantial (kappa = 0.74). Group 2 (n = 24) was significantly correlated with synchronous liver metastasis (23 vs. 0 %), lymph node metastasis (36 vs. 3 %), pathologic capsular invasion (68 vs. 8 %), larger tumor size (30 vs. 12 mm), tumor, node, metastasis classification system (TNM) stage III/IV disease (46 vs. 3 %), and histologic grade 2/3 (41 vs. 0 %). Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor grade 2/3 and group 2 criteria correlated with tumor relapse (hazard ratio 6.5 and 13.6, P = 0.0071 and 0.039, respectively), and that only group 2 criteria were independently correlated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio 5.56e + 9, P = 0.0041).

Conclusions

Irregular tumor shape/enhancement on preoperative computed tomography is a negative prognostic factor after curative surgery for PNET.

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Disclosure

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

    Hirohisa Okabe MD, PhD, Daisuke Hashimoto MD, PhD, Akira Chikamoto MD, Katsunobu Taki MD, PhD, Kota Arima MD, Katsunori Imai MD, PhD, Takatoshi Ishiko MD, PhD, FACS & Hideo Baba MD, PhD, FACS

  2. Department of Multidisciplinary Treatment for Gastroenterological Cancer, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan

    Yo-ichi Yamashita MD, PhD, FACS & Toru Beppu MD, PhD, FACS

  3. Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Hirohisa Okabe MD, PhD, Hideaki Uchiyama MD, PhD, FACS, Toru Ikegami MD, PhD, FACS, Norifumi Harimoto MD, PhD, Shinji Itoh MD, PhD, Tomoharu Yoshizumi MD, FACS & Yoshihiko Maehara MD, PhD, FACS

  4. Department of Radiology, School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

    Morikatsu Yoshida MD, PhD, Yoshitaka Tamura MD, Osamu Ikeda MD & Yasuyuki Yamashita MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Hirohisa Okabe MD, PhD
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  2. Daisuke Hashimoto MD, PhD
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  3. Akira Chikamoto MD
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  4. Morikatsu Yoshida MD, PhD
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  5. Katsunobu Taki MD, PhD
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  6. Kota Arima MD
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  7. Katsunori Imai MD, PhD
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  8. Yoshitaka Tamura MD
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  9. Osamu Ikeda MD
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  10. Takatoshi Ishiko MD, PhD, FACS
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  11. Hideaki Uchiyama MD, PhD, FACS
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  12. Toru Ikegami MD, PhD, FACS
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  13. Norifumi Harimoto MD, PhD
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  14. Shinji Itoh MD, PhD
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  15. Yo-ichi Yamashita MD, PhD, FACS
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  16. Tomoharu Yoshizumi MD, FACS
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  17. Toru Beppu MD, PhD, FACS
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  18. Yasuyuki Yamashita MD, PhD
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  19. Hideo Baba MD, PhD, FACS
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  20. Yoshihiko Maehara MD, PhD, FACS
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hideo Baba MD, PhD, FACS.

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Okabe, H., Hashimoto, D., Chikamoto, A. et al. Shape and Enhancement Characteristics of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor on Preoperative Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography May be Prognostic Indicators. Ann Surg Oncol 24, 1399–1405 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5630-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5630-4

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