Abstract
Background
Breast carcinoma in men is an uncommon disease. The aim of this study is to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in a group of matched men and women with breast cancer.
Methods
Each man with breast cancer recorded in the database was matched with two women. Matching was done based on age, year of diagnosis, and stage. To compare breast cancer characteristics between men and women, the chi-square test was used for qualitative data and the t-test for quantitative data. Overall survival and DSS were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Cox proportional hazards models have been used to compare survival rates between men and women.
Results
The 58 male breast cancer patients were matched with 116 female patients. The mean age at diagnosis was 63.9 ± 11.9 years for men and 65.7 ± 11.5 years for women (P = .72). The median follow-up was 9.7 years for men and 10.7 years for women. The 5- and 10-year OS for men were, respectively, 58.9% and 33.9%. The 5- and 10-year OS for women were 68.2% and 52.1%. Men with breast cancer had a significant risk of dying compared with women (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.59; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.04–2.42, P = .03). The 5- and 10-year DSS were 73.0% and 55.1% for men, and 72.8 and 61.2% for women, respectively. There was no difference in DSS between the two matched groups (HR = 1.26; 95% CI, 0.76–2.10, P = .37).
Conclusions
The prognosis for men with breast carcinoma is similar to that for women with similar-stage disease.
Similar content being viewed by others
Reference
Hodgson NC, Button JH, Franceschi D, Moffat FL, Livingstone AS. Male breast cancer: is the incidence increasing? Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11:751–5.
Hill TD, Khamis HJ, Tyczynski JE, Berkel HJ. Comparison of male and female breast cancer incidence trends, tumor characteristics, and survival. Ann Epidemiol. 2005;15:773–80.
Cutuli B. Strategies in treating male breast cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007;8:193–202.
Hill C, Doyon F. The frequency of cancer in France: all ages and under age 15, mortality in 2003 and trends since 1968. Bull Cancer. 2007;94:7–13.
Brinton LA, Richesson DA, Gierach GL, Lacy JV Jr, Park Y, Hollenbeck AR, et al. Prospective evaluation of risk factors for male breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100:1477–81.
Heller KS, Rosen PP, Schottenfeld D, Ashikari R, Kinne DW. Male breast cancer: a clinicopathologic study of 97 cases. Ann Surg. 1978;188:60–5.
Rosenblatt KA, Thomas DB, McTiernan A, Austin MA, Stalsberg H, Stemhagen A. Breast cancer in men: aspects of familial aggregation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991;83:849–54.
Adami HO, Holmberg L, Malker B, Ries L. Long-term survival in 406 males with breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1985;52:99–103.
Borgen PI, Senie RT, McKinnon WM, Rosen PP. Carcinoma of the male breast: analysis of prognosis compared with matched female patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 1997;4:385–8.
Clark JL, Nguyen PL, Jaszcz WB, Jatoi A, Niehans GA. Prognostic variables in male breast cancer. Am Surg. 2000;66:502–11.
Nahleh ZA, Srikantiah R, Safa M, Jazieh AR, Muhleman A, Komrokji R. Male breast cancer in the veterans affairs population: a comparative analysis. Cancer. 2007;109:1471–7.
Shuster JJ. Median follow-up in clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 1991;9:191–2.
Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Statist Soc. 1958;53:457–81.
Giordano SH, Cohen DS, Buzdar AU, Perkins G, Hortobagyi GN. Breast carcinoma in men: a population-based study. Cancer. 2004;101:51–7.
Joshi MG, Lee AK, Loda M, Camus MG, Pedersen C, Heatley GJ, et al. Male breast carcinoma: an evaluation of prognostic factors contributing to a poorer outcome. Cancer. 1996;77:490–8.
Willsher PC, Leach IH, Ellis IO, Bourke JB, Blamey RW, Robertson JF. A comparison outcome of male breast cancer with female breast cancer. Am J Surg. 1997;173:185–8.
Scott-Conner CE, Jochimsen PR, Menck HR, Winchester DJ. An analysis of male and female breast cancer treatment and survival among demographically identical pairs of patients. Surgery. 1999;126:775–80.
El-Tamer MB, Komenaka IK, Troxel A, Li H, Joseph KA, Ditkoff BA, et al. Men with breast cancer have better disease-specific survival than women. Arch Surg. 2004;139:1079–82.
Anderson WF, Althuis MD, Brinton LA, Devesa SS. Is male breast cancer similar or different than female breast cancer? Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2004;83:77–86.
Meijer-van Gelder ME, Look MP, Bolt-de Vries J, Peters HA, Klijn JG, Foekens JA. Clinical relevance of biologic factors in male breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2001;68:249–60.
Levi F, Randimbison L, La Vecchia C. Breast cancer survival in relation to sex and age. Oncology. 1992;49:413–7.
Sasco AJ, Lowenfels AB, Pasker-de Jong P. Review article: epidemiology of male breast cancer. A meta-analysis of published case-control studies and discussion of selected aetiological factors. Int J Cancer. 1993;53:538–49.
Winchester DJ. Male breast cancer. Semin Surg Oncol. 1996;12:364–9.
Macdonald G, Paltiel C, Olivotto IA, Tyldesley S. A comparative analysis of radiotherapy use and patient outcome in males and females with breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2005;16:1442–8.
Ragaz J, Spinelli JJ, Coldman AJ. Breast cancer survival advantage with radiotherapy. Lancet. 2000;356:1270.
Nielsen HM, Overgaard M, Grau C, Jensen AR, Overgaard J. Study of failure pattern among high-risk breast cancer patients with or without postmastectomy radiotherapy in addition to adjuvant systemic therapy: long-term results from the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group DBCG 82 b and c randomized studies. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2268–75.
Clarke M, Collins R, Darby S, et al. Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2005;366:2087–106.
Fentiman IS, Fourquet A, Hortobagyi GN. Male breast cancer. Lancet. 2006;367:595–604.
Giordano SH. A review of the diagnosis and management of male breast cancer. Oncologist. 2005;10:471–9.
Agrawal A, Ayantunde AA, Rampaul R, Robertson JF. Male breast cancer: a review of clinical management. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007;103:11–21.
Tunon de Lara C, Goudy G, Macgrogan G, Durand M, Dilhuydy JM, Avril A, et al. [Male breast cancer: a review of 52 cases collected at the Institute Bergonie (Bordeaux, France) from 1980 to 2004]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2008;36:386–94.
Cutuli B, Lacroze M, Dilhuydy JM, Velten M, De Lafontan B, Marchal C, et al. Male breast cancer: results of the treatments and prognostic factors in 397 cases. Eur J Cancer. 1995;31:1960–4.
Auvinen A, Curtis RE, Ron E. Risk of subsequent cancer following breast cancer in men. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94:1330–2.
Dong C, Hemminki K. Second primary breast cancer in men. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2001;66:171–2.
Hemminki K, Scelo G, Boffetta P, Mellemkjaer L, Tracey E, Andersen A, et al. Second primary malignancies in patients with male breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005;92:1288–92.
Leibowitz SB, Garber JE, Fox EA, Loda M, Kaufman DS, Kantoff PW, et al. Male patients with diagnoses of both breast cancer and prostate cancer. Breast J. 2003;9:208–12.
Satram-Hoang S, Ziogas A, Anton-Culver H. Risk of second primary cancer in men with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2007;9:R10.
Acknowledgments
Data were available thanks to the hospital-based cancer registry of Alexis Vautrin Center. We are grateful to Chantal Husson, Annette Walter, Sylvie Villa, Rosie Garcia-Gonzalez, Sophie Grandjean, and Marie-Claire Martin for technical assistance. We also thank Lina Bolotine for her assistance in writing the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Marchal, F., Salou, M., Marchal, C. et al. Men With Breast Cancer Have Same Disease-Specific and Event-Free Survival as Women. Ann Surg Oncol 16, 972–978 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-009-0327-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-009-0327-6