Abstract
Background
The scapula is a common site for chondrosarcoma to occur. There has been disagreement between recent studies documenting the oncologic outcomes in patients with chondrosarcoma of the scapula. The purpose of this study was to investigate both the oncologic and functional outcomes of patients presenting to a large oncology center with primary chondrosarcoma of the scapula.
Methods
A review of our prospectively collected database was carried out. All patients in the years 1989 to 2004 undergoing surgical resection of primary chondrosarcoma of the scapula were included. We documented patient demographics, whether the patient underwent partial or total scapulectomy, oncologic outcomes including local and systemic recurrence, and functional outcome using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) 87, MSTS 93, and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) rating systems.
Results
Twenty-four patients (16 males, 8 females), with a mean age of 44 years (range 18–74 years), met the inclusion criteria. There were no local recurrences. Two patients died of metastatic disease at 23 and 103 months postoperatively. No other patients have developed systemic disease. Sixteen patients underwent partial scapulectomy while eight underwent total scapulectomy. Functional outcome was better in the group undergoing partial scapulectomy with significantly higher MSTS 87 (30.8 versus 16.6), MSTS 93 (89.6 versus 68.3), and TESS (92.6 versus 74.9) scores than the total scapulectomy group.
Conclusion
Patients with primary chondrosarcoma of the scapula have an excellent oncologic prognosis with a very low local recurrence and metastatic rate. Functional outcomes are better for patients undergoing partial rather than total scapulectomy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dorfman H, Czerniak B. Bone Tumors. St. Louis: Mosby, Inc., 1998
Healey JH, Lane JM. Chondrosarcoma. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1986; 119–29
Huvos A. Bone tumors: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co., 1991
Lee FY, Mankin HJ, Fondren G, et al. Chondrosarcoma of bone: an assessment of outcome. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999; 81:326–38
Rizzo M, Ghert MA, Harrelson JM, et al. Chondrosarcoma of bone: analysis of 108 cases and evaluation for predictors of outcome. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001; 224–33
Bauer HC, Brosjo O, Kreicbergs A, et al. Low risk of recurrence of enchondroma and low-grade chondrosarcoma in extremities. 80 patients followed for 2–25 years. Acta Orthop Scand 1995; 66:283–8
Dickey ID, Rose PS, Fuchs B, et al. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: the role of chemotherapy with updated outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004; 86-A:2412–8
Gitelis S, Bertoni F, Picci P, et al. Chondrosarcoma of bone. The experience at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1981; 63:1248–57
Bjornsson J, McLeod RA, Unni KK, et al. Primary chondrosarcoma of long bones and limb girdles. Cancer 1998; 83:2105–19
Eriksson AI, Schiller A, Mankin HJ. The management of chondrosarcoma of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1980; 44–66
Harwood AR, Krajbich JI, Fornasier VL. Radiotherapy of chondrosarcoma of bone. Cancer 1980; 45:2769–77
McNaney D, Lindberg RD, Ayala AG, et al. Fifteen year radiotherapy experience with chondrosarcoma of bone. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1982; 8:187–90
Unni K. Dahlin’s bone tumors: general aspects and data on 11,087 cases. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996
Schneiderbauer MM, Blanchard C, Gullerud R, et al. Scapular chondrosarcomas have high rates of local recurrence and metastasis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2004:232–8
Pant R, Yasko AW, Lewis VO, et al. Chondrosarcoma of the scapula: long-term oncologic outcome. Cancer 2005; 104:149–58
Gibbons CL, Bell RS, Wunder JS, et al. Function after subtotal scapulectomy for neoplasm of bone and soft tissue. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1998; 80:38–42
O’Connor MI, Sim FH, Chao EY. Limb salvage for neoplasms of the shoulder girdle. Intermediate reconstructive and functional results. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996; 78:1872–88
Kurer MH, Bayley JI, Kemp HB, et al. Movement of the shoulder after resection of a tumor of the scapula. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1988; 70:843–7
Linberg BE. Interscapulo-thoracic resection for malignant tumors of the shoulder joint region. J Bone Joint Surg 1928; 10:344–9
Enneking W, ed. Modification of the System for Functional Evaluation of the Surgical Management of Musculoskeletal Tumors. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1987
Enneking W, Dunham W, Gebhardt M, et al. A system for the functional evaluation of reconstructive procedures after surgical treatment of tumors of the musculoskeletal system. Clin Orthop 1993; 286:241–6
Davis AM, Wright JG, Williams JI, et al. Development of a measure of physical function for patients with bone and soft tissue sarcoma. Qual Life Res 1996; 5:508–16
Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc 1958; 53:457–81
Mankin HJ, Mankin CJ, Simon MA. The hazards of the biopsy, revisited. Members of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996; 78:656–63
Davis AM, Kandel RA, Wunder JS, et al. The impact of residual disease on local recurrence in patients treated by initial unplanned resection for soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity. J Surg Oncol 1997; 66:81–7
Noel G, Feuvret L, Ferrand R, et al. Radiotherapeutic factors in the management of cervical-basal chordomas and chondrosarcomas. Neurosurgery 2004; 55:1252–60; discussion 1260–2
Rosenberg AE, Nielsen GP, Keel SB, et al. Chondrosarcoma of the base of the skull: a clinicopathologic study of 200 cases with emphasis on its distinction from chordoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1999; 23:1370–8
Weber DC, Rutz HP, Pedroni ES, et al. Results of spot-scanning proton radiation therapy for chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the skull base: the Paul Scherrer Institut experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 63:401–9
Schwartz DL, Einck J, Bellon J, et al. Fast neutron radiotherapy for soft tissue and cartilaginous sarcomas at high risk for local recurrence. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 50:449–56
Pritchard DJ, Lunke RJ, Taylor WF, et al. Chondrosarcoma: a clinicopathologic and statistical analysis. Cancer 1980; 45:149–57
Badley EM, Lee J. Impairment, disability, the ICIDH model. III: Underlying disease, impairment, and disability. Int Rehabil Med 1987; 8:174–81
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Griffin, A.M., Shaheen, M., Bell, R.S. et al. Oncologic and Functional Outcome of Scapular Chondrosarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol 15, 2250–2256 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-008-9975-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-008-9975-1