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Effects of Sodium Salts of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives on Skin Permeation of Cromolyn Sodium

  • Research Article
  • Novel Skin Drug Delivery Technology
  • Published:
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Abstract

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder with rising prevalence. The safety concerns over usually used steroids are driving the need for developing an effective atopic dermatitis treatment. The use of therapeutic agents such as cromolyn sodium (CS) is suggested. However, due to its physicochemical properties, CS permeation across the skin is a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium salts of fatty acids or their derivatives with varied carbon chain lengths as potential enhancers on the skin permeation of CS. These included sodium caprylate, salcaprozate sodium, sodium decanoate, sodium palmitate, and sodium oleate dissolved in propylene glycol along with CS (4% w/w). In vitro permeation of the formulations across the dermatomed porcine ear skin was investigated over 24 h using Franz Diffusion cells. The amount of CS permeation from propylene glycol was 5.54 ± 1.06 µg/cm2 after 24 h. Initial screening of enhancers (enhancer: drug::1:1) showed enhancement in permeation of CS using sodium oleate and sodium caprylate, which were then investigated in higher ratio of drug: enhancer (1:2). Among all the formulations tested, sodium oleate (enhancer: drug::1:2) was observed to significantly (p < 0.05) enhance the permeation of CS with the highest total delivery of 359.79 ± 78.92 µg/cm2 across skin in 24 h and higher drug retention in the skin layers (153.0 ± 24.93 µg/cm2) as well. Overall, sodium oleate was found to be the most effective enhancer followed by sodium caprylate for improving the topical delivery of CS.

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Data availability

All the data related to the study is contained within the manuscript.

Abbreviations

AD:

Atopic dermatitis

CS:

Cromolyn sodium

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

PE:

Permeation enhancer

PG:

Propylene glycol

SC:

Stratum corneum

SNAC:

Salcaprozate sodium

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Acknowledgements

Then authors would like to acknowledge Ms. Oluwatosin Tabitha Leshaodo, Mariam Al Shawi, and Rebecca Lessaint for their contribution in preparation of dermatomed skin samples and assisting with skin resistance measurements for the study.

Funding

This study was funded by the East Tennessee State University Research and Development Major Grant series.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA

    Olasunkanmi Evelyn Akinbote, Gabrielle Verana & Ashana Puri

  2. Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Amruta A. Dandekar

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA

    Dhruv Mishra

  4. College of Arts, Sciences, and Education, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

    Steven Dinh

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  1. Olasunkanmi Evelyn Akinbote
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  2. Gabrielle Verana
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  4. Akeemat O. Tijani
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  5. Dhruv Mishra
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Contributions

OEA: acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data, original draft preparation, and writing—review and editing; GV: acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data, original draft preparation, and writing—review and editing; AAD: original draft preparation and writing—review and editing; AT: original draft preparation and writing—review and editing; AP: supervision, acquisition, analysis of data, and manuscript revision; SD: conception and design of work.

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Correspondence to Ashana Puri.

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Communicated by Nisarg Modi, Yousuf Mohammed, and Lakshmi Raghavan.

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Akinbote, O.E., Verana, G., Dandekar, A.A. et al. Effects of Sodium Salts of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives on Skin Permeation of Cromolyn Sodium. AAPS PharmSciTech 24, 221 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-023-02676-8

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