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A Hematological and Histopathological Study on Diphenhydramine Nasal Nano-gel and Nano-emulgel for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Animal Model

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Abstract

The study aims to determine histamine efficacy on hematologic values in experimental animal model, under physiological and pathological conditions after inducing diphenhydramine-formulated nasal nano-gel/nano-emulgel in comparison with conventional nasal spray regime. In this study, we conducted experiment on New Zealand white male rabbits to prove our hypothesis that nasal diphenhydramine nano-gel and nano-emulgel can penetrate the nasal mucosa faster to show drug response and subside histaminic symptoms than market nasal spray (as reference). Blood samples from 48 New Zealand white male rabbits, under both experimental conditions (physiological and pathological) divided into four groups for each (n = 6) were investigated after inducing each dosage form intranasally. Hematologic parameters (WBCs, RBCs, HGB, PLTs, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, granulocyte counts) were analyzed in whole blood samples, collected at different time intervals. ANOVA and completely randomized design (CRD) were applied for statistical analysis. Histopathologically, nasal tissues of all groups were analyzed to see intramucosal surface changes. Data of descriptive statistics of hematological parameters analyzed at confidence level 95% showed that under physiological condition, hematological parameters of all groups were lying in normal range, whereas under pathological condition, low values of all hematological parameters were observed in all groups due to allergenic condition. The groups B (allergenic rabbits treated with formulated diphenhydramine nasal nano-gel) and C (allergenic rabbits treated with formulated diphenhydramine nasal nano-emulgel) have shown good changes in the treatment of allergenic rabbits as compared to group D (allergenic rabbits treated with formulated diphenhydramine nasal spray). The completely randomized ANOVA and Tukey HSD all-pairwise comparison tests of hematological parameters were applied that showed all groups in both studies were significantly different from each other. It was observed after histopathological study of nasal membrane tissues that change in mucosa has occurred due to the passage of drug. In summary, hematological profile and histopathological study have demonstrated the comparable results with conventional diphenhydramine nasal spray and formulated diphenhydramine nasal nano-gel/nano-emulgel which can exhibit considerable drug delivery dosage forms in the management of allergic rhinitis in animal model.

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Acknowledgements

The authors hereby acknowledged the “Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan” and “Zakfas Pharmaceuticals, Multan” for permitting some aspects of the work to be carried out in their laboratory space.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Hina Javed, Syed Nisar Hussain Shah, Furqan Muhammad Iqbal & Nida Javed

  2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Benish Saeed

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  1. Hina Javed
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  2. Syed Nisar Hussain Shah
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  3. Furqan Muhammad Iqbal
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  4. Nida Javed
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Contributions

1. Hina Javed: Main author, study design, and all experimental study

2. Syed Nisar Hussain Shah: Supervise and review all the work

3. Furqan Muhammad Iqbal: Help in experimental design

4. Nida Javed: Histopathological study

5. Beenish Saeed: Statistical analysis

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hina Javed.

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Ethical Approval

The approval for ex vivo studies in animals and human was taken from the “Ethical Committee” of Faculty of Pharmacy, B.Z. University Multan under the reference number 104/PEC/2016.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Javed, H., Shah, S.N.H., Iqbal, F.M. et al. A Hematological and Histopathological Study on Diphenhydramine Nasal Nano-gel and Nano-emulgel for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Animal Model. AAPS PharmSciTech 24, 55 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-023-02515-w

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