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Nanoencapsulation of Tea Catechins for Enhancing Skin Absorption and Therapeutic Efficacy

  • Review Article
  • Active and Passive Permeation Enhancement Strategies for Transdermal Delivery of Bioactive Compounds
  • Published:
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Abstract

Tea catechins are a group of flavonoids that show many bioactivities. Catechins have been extensively reported as a potential treatment for skin disorders, including skin cancers, acne, photoaging, cutaneous wounds, scars, alopecia, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and microbial infection. In particular, there has been an increasing interest in the discovery of cosmetic applications using catechins as the active ingredient because of their antioxidant and anti-aging activities. However, active molecules with limited lipophilicity have difficulty penetrating the skin barrier, resulting in low bioavailability. Nevertheless, topical application is a convenient method for delivering catechins into the skin. Nanomedicine offers an opportunity to improve the delivery efficiency of tea catechins and related compounds. The advantages of catechin-loaded nanocarriers for topical application include high catechin loading efficiency, sustained or prolonged release, increased catechin stability, improved bioavailability, and enhanced accumulation or targeting to the nidus. Further, various types of nanoparticles, including liposomes, niosomes, micelles, lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liquid crystalline nanoparticles, and nanocrystals, have been employed for topical catechin delivery. These nanoparticles can improve catechin permeation via close skin contact, increased skin hydration, skin structure disorganization, and follicular uptake. In this review, we describe the catechin skin delivery approaches based on nanomedicine for treating skin disorders. We also provide an in-depth description of how nanoparticles effectively improve the skin absorption of tea catechins and related compounds, such as caffeine. Furthermore, we summarize the possible future applications and the limitations of nanocarriers for topical delivery at the end of this review article.

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Abbreviations

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

DHT:

Dihydrotestosterone

DMBA:

7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

ECG:

Epicatechin gallate

EGC:

(−)-Epigallocatechin

EGCG:

(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate

GI:

Gastrointestinal

HaCaT:

Immobilized human keratinocytes

HLB:

Hydrophile-lipophile balance

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

MIC:

Minimum inhibition concentration

MRSA:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

NEs:

Nanoemulsions

NLCs:

Nanostructured lipid carriers

PDI:

Polydispersity index

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PI3K-Akt-mTORC1:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1

PLGA:

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)

PSEs:

Palm sucrose esters

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SC:

Stratum corneum

SLNs:

Solid lipid nanoparticles

T2P:

Di-tocopheryl phosphate ester

TP:

α-Tocopheryl phosphate

UV:

Ultraviolet

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST-110-2330-B-182-011-MY3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Ibrahim A. Aljuffali

  2. Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Chih-Hung Lin

  3. Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Shih-Chun Yang

  4. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed Alalaiwe

  5. Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Jia-You Fang

  6. Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Jia-You Fang

  7. Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Jia-You Fang

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  1. Ibrahim A. Aljuffali
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  2. Chih-Hung Lin
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  3. Shih-Chun Yang
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  4. Ahmed Alalaiwe
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Contributions

Aljuffali IA: editing and writing—original draft preparation. Lin CH: conceptualization and writing—original draft preparation. Yang SC: review. Alalaiwe A: guiding. Fang JY: supervision and review.

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Correspondence to Jia-You Fang.

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Ibrahim A. Aljuffali and Chih-Hung Lin contributed equally to this article.

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Aljuffali, I.A., Lin, CH., Yang, SC. et al. Nanoencapsulation of Tea Catechins for Enhancing Skin Absorption and Therapeutic Efficacy. AAPS PharmSciTech 23, 187 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-022-02344-3

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