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Bacterial Ghosts Carrying 5-Fluorouracil: A Novel Biological Carrier for Targeting Colorectal Cancer

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Abstract

Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are non-deformed bacterial cell envelopes that possess undamaged external configurations for precise attachment to different cells of the human body. The Escherichia coli BGs were successfully produced using a modified sponge-like reduced protocol and characterized by SEM. Four different concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were used to study the impact on the “ghosts” cell wall. 5-FU was then loaded into the BGs and the loading capacity (LC %) and entrapment efficiency (EE %) were determined and were found to be 38.3 ± 0.8 and 76.6 ± 0.8, respectively. The in vitro release studies were conducted in dialysis bags over a time period of 16 days and the accumulative 5-FU released (%) was calculated. Overall, 69.2% of the ghost-associated 5-FU was released from the BGs and release from the E. coli ghosts is governed by non-Fickian diffusion. The Caco-2 cell line was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of 5-FU-loaded BGs.

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Acknowledgements

This project was financially supported by King Saud University, Vice Deanship of Research Chairs, Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical industry, through the Grant No. MS-2018.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah M. E. Youssof, Fars K. Alanazi, Mounir M. Salem-Bekhit, Faiyaz Shakeel & Nazrul Haq

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

    Mounir M. Salem-Bekhit

Authors
  1. Abdullah M. E. Youssof
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  2. Fars K. Alanazi
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  3. Mounir M. Salem-Bekhit
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  4. Faiyaz Shakeel
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  5. Nazrul Haq
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Correspondence to Nazrul Haq.

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Youssof, A.M.E., Alanazi, F.K., Salem-Bekhit, M.M. et al. Bacterial Ghosts Carrying 5-Fluorouracil: A Novel Biological Carrier for Targeting Colorectal Cancer. AAPS PharmSciTech 20, 48 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-018-1249-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-018-1249-z

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