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Microencapsulation of β-Carotene Based on Casein/Guar Gum Blend Using Zeta Potential-Yield Stress Phenomenon: an Approach to Enhance Photo-stability and Retention of Functionality

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  • Theme: Preparation of Nano and Micro-structures for Drug Delivery
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Abstract

β-Carotene, abundant majorly in carrot, pink guava yams, spinach, kale, sweet potato, and palm oil, is an important nutrient for human health due to its scavenging action upon reactive free radicals wherever produced in the body. Inclusion of liposoluble β-carotene in foods and food ingredients is a challenging aspect due to its labile nature and low absorption from natural sources. This fact has led to the application of encapsulation of β-carotene to improve stability and bioavailability. The present work was aimed to fabricate microcapsules (MCs) of β-carotene oily dispersion using the complex coacervation technique with casein (CA) and guar gum (GG) blend. The ratio of CA:GG was found to be 1:0.5 (w/v) when optimized on the basis of zeta potential-yield stress phenomenon. These possessed a higher percentage yield (71.34 ± 0.55%), lower particle size (176.47 ± 4.65 μm), higher encapsulation efficiency (65.95 ± 5.33%), and in general, a uniform surface morphology was observed with particles showing optimized release behavior. Prepared MCs manifested effective and controlled release (up to 98%) following zero-order kinetics which was adequately explained by the Korseymer-Peppas model. The stability of the freeze-dried MCs was established in simulated gastrointestinal fluids (SGF, SIF) for 8 h. Antioxidant activity of the MCs was studied and revealed the retention of the functional architecture of β-carotene in freeze-dried MCs. Minimal photolytic degradation upon encapsulation of β-carotene addressed the challenge regarding photo-stability of β-carotene as confirmed via mass spectroscopy.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Indian Council of Agriculture and Research, New Delhi for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Deepika Thakur, Ashay Jain, Gargi Ghoshal & U.S Shivhare

  2. University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Ashay Jain & O.P Katare

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  1. Deepika Thakur
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  2. Ashay Jain
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  3. Gargi Ghoshal
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  4. U.S Shivhare
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  5. O.P Katare
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Correspondence to Gargi Ghoshal.

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Guest Editors: Dr. Z Ahmad and Prof. M Edirisinghe

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SI Fig. 1 Structure elucidation of the degraded product, analyzed by MS spectroscopy on the first and fifth day (JPEG 129 KB)

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Thakur, D., Jain, A., Ghoshal, G. et al. Microencapsulation of β-Carotene Based on Casein/Guar Gum Blend Using Zeta Potential-Yield Stress Phenomenon: an Approach to Enhance Photo-stability and Retention of Functionality. AAPS PharmSciTech 18, 1447–1459 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-017-0806-1

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