Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Physicochemical Properties and Anti-Propionibacterium acnes Activity of Film-Forming Solutions Containing Alpha-Mangostin-Rich Extract

  • Research Article
  • Published:
AAPS PharmSciTech Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this study was to study the effect of formulation compositions on physicochemical properties and anti-Propionibacterium acnes activity of film-forming solutions containing alpha-mangostin-rich extract (AM). Film-forming solution bases and film-forming solutions containing AM were prepared by using Eudragit RL PO or Klucel LF or combinations of them as film-forming polymers. Rheological properties, pH values of the solutions, and mechanical properties of the dry films were investigated. An optimized formulation was selected and evaluated for the film surface, in vitro AM release, an anti-P. acnes activity, and potential for being a skin irritant. It was found that mechanical properties of the dry films were affected by total polymer contents, ratios of Klucel LF/Eudragit RL PO, AM, and contents of triethyl citrate. The film-forming solutions containing AM had pH values around 7.0. Their flow curves exhibited Newtonian flow behaviors. The optimized formulation provided films possessing smooth and nonporous surfaces. These films showed greater anti-P. acnes activity than their base films without toxicity to skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, AM released from the film matrix obeyed Higuchi's equation. In conclusion, the film-forming solutions containing AM had potential for treatment of acne vulgaris caused by P. acnes. However, further in vivo study is necessary to determine their efficacy and safety for using in patients suffering from acne vulgaris.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

AM:

Alpha-mangostin-rich extract

BHI:

Brain–heart infusion

CFU:

Colony-forming unit

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

cm:

Centimeter

°C:

Degree Celsius

DMEM:

Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium

DMSO:

Dimethylsulfoxide

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

FT-IR:

Fourier transform infrared

g:

Gram

gf:

Gram force

HCl:

Hydrochloric acid

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

i.e.:

id est

kg:

Kilogram

kV:

Kilovolt

mM:

Millimolar

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

min:

Minutes

mg:

Milligram

ml:

Milliliter

mm:

Millimeter

MTT:

Methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide

N:

Newton

N:

Normality

NHFF:

Normal human foreskin fibroblast

nm:

Nanometer

Pa:

Pascal

PBS:

Phosphate buffer saline

pH:

Potential of hydrogen

r 2 :

Coefficient of determination

rpm:

Round per minute

s:

Second

SD:

Standard deviation

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

UV:

Ultraviolet

v/v :

Volume by volume

w/v :

Weight by volume

w/w :

Weight by weight

μg:

Microgram

μl:

Microliter

μm:

Micrometer

%:

Percent

REFERENCES

  1. Nguyen R, Su J. Treatment of acne vulgaris. Paediatr Child Health. 2011;21:119–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Grange PA, Weill B, Dupin N, Batteux F. Does inflammatory acne result from imbalance in the keratinocyte innate immune response? Microbes Infect. 2010;12:1085–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Chomnawang MT, Surassmo S, Nukoolkarn VS, Gritsanapan W. Antimicrobial effects of Thai medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;101:330–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Adalatkhah H, Pourfarzi F, Sadeghi-Bazargani H. Flutamide versus a cyproterone acetate-ethinyl estradiol combination in moderate acne: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2011;4:117–21.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Chomnawang MT, Surassmo S, Nukoolkarn VS, Gritsanapan W. Effect of Garcinia mangostana on inflammation caused by Propionibacterium acnes. Fitoterapia. 2007;78:401–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Sampath PD, Vijayaragavan K. Ameliorative prospective of alpha-mangostin, a xanthone derivative from Garcinia mangostana against β-adrenergic cathecolamine-induced myocardial toxicity and anomalous cardiac TNF-α and COX-2 expressions in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2008;60:357–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sato A, Fujiwara H, Oku H, Ishiguro K, Ohizumi Y. Alpha-mangostin induces Ca2+-ATPase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in PC12 cells. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004;95:33–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Azimi H, Fallah-Tafti M, Khakshur AA, Abdollahi M. A review of phytotherapy of acne vulgaris: perspective of new pharmacological treatments. Fitoterapia. 2012;83:1306–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Schroeder IZ, Franke P, Schaefer UF, Lehr C-M. Delivery of ethinylestradiol from film forming polymeric solutions across human epidermis in vitro and in vivo in pigs. J Control Release. 2007;118:196–203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ritterband DC, Meskin SW, Shapiro DE, Kusmierczyk J, Seedor JA, Koplin RS. Laboratory model of tissue adhesive (2-octyl cyanoacrylate) in sealing clear corneal cataract wounds. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140:1039–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Singer AJ, Thode HC. A review of the literature on octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. Am J Surg. 2004;187:238–48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Graham P, Browne L, Capp A, Fox C, Graham J, Hollis J, et al. Randomized, paired comparison of No-Sting Barrier Film versus sorbolene cream (10% glycerine) skin care during postmastectomy irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;58:241–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Zurdo Schroeder I, Franke P, Schaefer UF, Lehr C-M. Development and characterization of film forming polymeric solutions for skin drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2007;65:111–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Guo R, Du X, Zhang R, Deng L, Dong A, Zhang J. Bioadhesive film formed from a novel organic–inorganic hybrid gel for transdermal drug delivery system. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2011;79:574–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Silva-Weiss A, Bifani V, Ihl M, Sobral PJA, Gómez-Guillén MC. Structural properties of films and rheology of film-forming solutions based on chitosan and chitosan-starch blend enriched with murta leaf extract. Food Hydrocoll. 2013;31:458–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Koh J-J, Qiu S, Zou H, Lakshminarayanan R, Li J, Zhou X, et al. Rapid bactericidal action of alpha-mangostin against MRSA as an outcome of membrane targeting. BBA Biomembr. 1828;2013:834–44.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Apu AS, Pathan AH, Shrestha D, Kibria G, Jalil R. Investigation of in vitro release kinetics of carbamazepine from Eudragit® RS PO and RL PO matrix tablets. Trop J Pharm Res. 2009;8:145–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Horak Z, Fortelny I, Kolarik J, Hlavati D, Sikora A. (2005) Polymer blends. Encyclopedia of polymer science and technology, 4th ed. Wiley: New York. p. 1–59.

  19. Lin S-Y, Lee C-J, Lin Y-Y. Drug–polymer interaction affecting the mechanical properties, adhesion strength and release kinetics of piroxicam-loaded Eudragit E films plasticized with different plasticizers. J Control Release. 1995;33:375–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. A-sasutjarit R, Sirivat A, Vayumhasuwan P. Viscoelastic properties of carbopol 940 gels and their relationships to piroxicam diffusion coefficients in gel bases. Pharm Res. 2005;22:2134–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ahmad M, Yamin BM, Mat Lazim A. A study on dispersion and characterisation of alpha-mangostin loaded pH sensitive microgel systems. Chem Cent J. 2013;7:85–90.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Sawant PD, Luu D, Ye R, Buchta R. Drug release from hydroethanolic gels. Effect of drug's lipophilicity (logP), polymer–drug interactions and solvent lipophilicity. Int J Pharm. 2010;396:45–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) for financial support under the Young Scientist and Technologist Programme (YSTP) grant no. SP54-MT06 (academic year 2011) and Assistant Professor Sarin Tadtong and Associate Professor Suwanna Vorarat for their technical assistance and helpful suggestions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    Rathapon Asasutjarit

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, 26120, Thailand

    Papassara Larpmahawong

  3. National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    Asira Fuongfuchat

  4. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, 26120, Thailand

    Vipaporn Sareedenchai

  5. National Center For Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    Sukitaya Veeranondha

Authors
  1. Rathapon Asasutjarit
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Papassara Larpmahawong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Asira Fuongfuchat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Vipaporn Sareedenchai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sukitaya Veeranondha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rathapon Asasutjarit.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Asasutjarit, R., Larpmahawong, P., Fuongfuchat, A. et al. Physicochemical Properties and Anti-Propionibacterium acnes Activity of Film-Forming Solutions Containing Alpha-Mangostin-Rich Extract. AAPS PharmSciTech 15, 306–316 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-013-0057-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-013-0057-8

KEY WORDS

Search

Navigation