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Recent Advances in Exosomal Protein Detection Via Liquid Biopsy Biosensors for Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, and Prognosis

The AAPS Journal volume 20, Article number: 41 (2018) Cite this article

Abstract

Current cancer diagnostic methods are challenged by low sensitivity, high false positive rate, limited tumor information, uncomfortable or invasive procedures, and high cost. Liquid biopsy that analyzes circulating biomarkers in body fluids represents a promising solution to these challenges. Exosomes are one of the promising cancer biomarkers for liquid biopsy because they are cell-secreted, nano-sized, extracellular vesicles that stably exist in all types of body fluids. Exosomes transfer DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and lipids from parent cells to recipient cells for intercellular communication and play important roles in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Many liquid biopsy biosensors have been developed to offer non- or minimally-invasive, highly sensitive, simple, rapid, and cost-effective cancer diagnostics. This review summarized recent advances of liquid biopsy biosensors with a focus on the detection of exosomal proteins as biomarkers for cancer screening, diagnosis, and prognosis. We reviewed six major types of liquid biopsy biosensors including immunofluorescence biosensor, colorimetric biosensor, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensor, electrochemical biosensor, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) biosensor. We shared our perspectives on future improvement of exosome-based liquid biopsy biosensors to accelerate their clinical translation.

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Acknowledgments

Authors acknowledge the funding support from National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award number 5R33CA191245. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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  1. Chang Liu and Yunchen Yang contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, New Year, 14260, USA

    Chang Liu, Yunchen Yang & Yun Wu

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  1. Chang Liu
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Correspondence to Yun Wu.

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Guest Editors: Juliane Nguyen and Steven Jay

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Liu, C., Yang, Y. & Wu, Y. Recent Advances in Exosomal Protein Detection Via Liquid Biopsy Biosensors for Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, and Prognosis. AAPS J 20, 41 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-018-0201-1

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KEY WORDS

  • biosensor
  • cancer diagnosis
  • exosomes
  • liquid biopsy